Second lieutenant

Uit Wiki Raamsdonk

Comparative military ranks
Armies,
air forces
(non-Commonwealth)
 Navies,
coast guards		 Air forces
(Commonwealth system)
Flag commissioned officers
Field marshal or Marshal Admiral of the fleet Marshal of the air force
General or
colonel general or
army general		 Admiral Air chief marshal
Lieutenant general or
army corps general		 Vice admiral Air marshal
Major general or
divisional general		 Rear admiral or
Counter admiral		 Air vice-marshal
Brigadier or
brigadier general		 Commodore or
flotilla admiral		 Air commodore
Senior commissioned officers
Colonel (Ship-of-the-line)
Captain		 Group captain
Lieutenant colonel Frigate captain or
Commander		 Wing commander
Major or
commandant		 Corvette captain or Lieutenant
commander		 Squadron leader
Junior commissioned officers
Captain Lieutenant Flight lieutenant
First lieutenant or
lieutenant		 Lieutenant
junior grade or
sub-lieutenant		 Flying officer
Second lieutenant or
junior lieutenant		 Ensign or
midshipman		 Pilot officer
Officer cadet Officer cadet Flight cadet
Non-commissioned officers
Warrant officer or
sergeant major		 Warrant officer or
chief petty officer		 Warrant officer
Sergeant Petty officer Sergeant
Enlisted ranks
Corporal or
bombardier		 Leading seaman Corporal
Lance corporal or
Lance bombardier or
Specialist		 Able seaman Leading aircraftman
Private or
gunner or
trooper or
sapper		 Seaman Aircraftman or
airman or
aviator

Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces. The lowest officer rank, it is usually placed below lieutenant or first lieutenant.

Australia

The rank of second lieutenant existed in the military forces of the Australian colonies and Australian Army until 1986.

In the colonial forces, which closely followed the practices of the British military, the rank of second lieutenant began to replace ranks such as ensign and cornet from 1871.

New appointments to the rank of second lieutenant ceased in the regular army in 1986.[1] Immediately prior to this change, the rank had been effectively reserved for new graduates from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea which closed in 1985. (Graduates of the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) and the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC-D) are commissioned as lieutenants.).[2][3] The rank of second lieutenant is only appointed to officers in special appointments such as training institutions, university regiments and while under probation during training. Trainees undertaking Special Service Officer (SSO) training are also appointed at higher rank (as second lieutenants) than General Service Officer (GSO) trainees who start off at the rank of officer cadet (ADFA/Australian Army Reserve officer trainees) or staff cadet (Royal Military College, Duntroon).[4]

Ranks equivalent to second lieutenant are acting sub-lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy and pilot officer in the Royal Australian Air Force.

Canada

The Canadian Forces adopted the rank with insignia of a single gold ring around the service dress uniform cuff for both army and air personnel upon unification in 1968 until the late 2000s.[5][6] For a time, naval personnel used this rank but reverted to the Royal Canadian Navy rank of acting sub-lieutenant, though the CF green uniform was retained until the mid-1980s. Currently, the Canadian Army insignia for second lieutenant is a pip and the Royal Canadian Air Force insignia for lieutenant is one thick braid. The equivalent rank for the Royal Canadian Navy is acting sub-lieutenant. Also known as an Ensign in the Foot Guards units (Canadian Grenadier Guards & Governor General's Foot Guards).

Indonesia

Zie Indonesian military ranks voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.

In Indonesia, "second lieutenant" is known as letnan dua (letda) which is the most junior ranked officer in the Indonesian Military. Officers in the Indonesian National Armed Forces are commissioned through one of four major commissioning programs. Upon graduation the candidates are promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, thus becoming commissioned officers. The four programs are:

  • National Armed Forces Academy (Akademi TNI): a four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions, preparing men and women to take on the challenge of being officers in the armed forces (Army: Military Academy, Navy: Naval Academy, Air Force: Air Force Academy);
  • Officer Candidate School: a 28-week program that is attended by senior NCOs or warrant officers from all services;
  • Career Officer Program for college graduates: a 7–8 month program that is designed to recruit civilian professionals (e.g., doctors, dentists, pharmacists, psychologists) into the armed forces;
  • Pilot Short Service School: a 34-month program to train pilots to serve in the armed forces.

New Zealand

Like many other Commonwealth countries, the rank structures of the New Zealand Defence Force usually follow British traditions. Hence the New Zealand Army maintains a rank of second lieutenant and the Royal New Zealand Air Force has its exact equivalent, pilot officer.

However, the Royal New Zealand Navy breaks with British tradition and uses the name ensign for its most junior commissioned officer rank (rather than the usual equivalents, such as acting sub-lieutenant or second lieutenant).

United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries

The rank of second lieutenant (2Lt) was introduced throughout the British Army in 1877 to replace the short-lived rank of sub-lieutenant, although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, Fusilier and Rifle regiments. At first the rank bore no distinct insignia. In 1902, a single Bath star was introduced; the ranks of lieutenant and captain had their number of stars increased by one to (respectively) two and three. The rank is also used by the Royal Marines.

New British Army officers are normally commissioned as second lieutenants at the end of their commissioning course at RMA Sandhurst, and continue with specific training with their units. Progression to lieutenant rank usually occurs after about a year. In the British armed forces, second lieutenant is a rank which is not used as a form of address. Instead a second lieutenant named, for example, Smith is addressed and referred to as Mr Smith, with the exception that the alternative titles ensign (Foot Guards) and cornet (in the Blues and Royals[7] and Queen's Royal Hussars[8]) are still used. In the Royal Air Force, the comparable rank is pilot officer. The equivalent in the Royal Navy is midshipman.

United States

Second lieutenant insignia of the United States Armed Forces.

In the United States, second lieutenant is the normal entry-level rank for most commissioned officers in the Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force. It is equivalent to the rank of ensign in the Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps.

In the Army and Marine Corps, a second lieutenant typically is a platoon leader who leads a platoon-size element, usually consisting of 16 to 44 soldiers or marines. A rifle platoon is composed of several squads with each squad led by a non-commissioned officer as squad leader. The second lieutenant is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant who advises and supports the platoon's commanding officer in leading the unit.

In the Army, until December 1917, the rank bore no insignia other than a brown sleeve braid on blouses and an officer's cap device and hat cord.[citation needed] In December 1917, a gold-colored bar similar to the silver-colored bar of a first lieutenant was introduced. In U.S. military slang, the rank is sometimes called "butterbar" or "brown bar" in reference to the insignia.[9]

Gallery

Army

Marines

Navy

Air Force

Space Force

See also

References

  1. ↑ Archived copy. Gearchiveerd op 24 september 2015. Geraadpleegd op 17 februari 2015.
  2. ↑ Commissioned Officer Ranks. Australian Army. Gearchiveerd op 8 August 2016. Geraadpleegd op 18 August 2016.
  3. ↑ General Service Officer. Defence Jobs. Defence Force Recruiting. Gearchiveerd op 27 August 2016. Geraadpleegd op 18 August 2016.
  4. ↑ Commissioned Officer Ranks | Australian Army. Gearchiveerd op 15 januari 2019. Geraadpleegd op 15 januari 2019.
  5. ↑ Navy marks centennial by reinstating 'executive curl' Navy marks centennial by reinstating 'executive curl' | CTV News (2 May 2010). Gearchiveerd op 26 oktober 2014. Geraadpleegd op 26 oktober 2014.
  6. ↑ Canadian Army goes back to the future with return to British-style ranks and designations Canadian Army goes back to the future with return to British-style ranks and designations. Toronto Star (8 July 2013). Gearchiveerd op 28 juni 2017. Geraadpleegd op 11 september 2017.
  7. ↑ The Household Cavalry Command Structure - Forms of Address. householdcavalry.info. Enasec Ltd. Gearchiveerd op 25 March 2016. Geraadpleegd op 18 november 2016. “In The Blues And Royals, the most junior Officer rank (equivalent to 2nd Lieutenant) is known as "Cornet".”
  8. ↑ The Armed Forces.
  9. ↑ Dalzell, Tom (2009). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English. Taylor & Francis, p. 154. ISBN 978-0-415-37182-7.
  10. ↑ Paratus 12–13. Regional Publications Ltd.. Gearchiveerd op 7 June 2022. Geraadpleegd op 2 March 2020.
  11. ↑ Badges of rank. defence.gov.au. Department of Defence (Australia). Geraadpleegd op 31 May 2021.
  12. ↑ Ranks & insignia. joinbangladesharmy.army.mil.bd. Geraadpleegd op 11 October 2020.
  13. ↑ Barbados Defence Force Medal Ceremony. YouTube. Barbados Defence Force (18 juli 2019). Geraadpleegd op 29 October 2022.
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Ranks. Government of Botswana. Gearchiveerd op 26 August 2016. Geraadpleegd op 22 september 2016.
  15. ↑ (pt) Postos e Graduações - Exército. eb.mil.br. Brazilian Army. Gearchiveerd op 7 May 2021. Geraadpleegd op 7 May 2021.
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 Ranks and appointment. canada.ca. Government of Canada. Geraadpleegd op 28 May 2021.
  17. ↑ (da) Hærens Gradstegn. forsvaret.dk. Danish Defence (October 2021). Geraadpleegd op 22 August 2023.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 (es) Insignias. mide.gob.do. Ministry of Defense (Dominican Republic). Gearchiveerd op 26 February 2021. Geraadpleegd op 28 May 2021.
  19. ↑ Merrill, Tim (1993). Guyana and Belize: country studies. Library of Congress, p. 138. Geraadpleegd op 3 June 2021.
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 (id) Pangkat Harian. tni.mil.id. Indonesian National Armed Forces. Gearchiveerd op 24 november 2020. Geraadpleegd op 4 June 2021.
  21. ↑ Army Rank Markings. military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Gearchiveerd op 25 april 2016. Geraadpleegd op 26 May 2021.
  22. ↑ BADGES OF RANK. Official Jamaica Defence Force Website (2019). Gearchiveerd op 20 August 2020. Geraadpleegd op 16 november 2019.
  23. ↑ KDF Ranks. mod.go.ke. Ministry of Defence - Kenya. Geraadpleegd op 9 december 2022.
  24. ↑ Ranks in the Army. Lesotho Defence Force. Geraadpleegd op 5 May 2021.
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Defense Act of 2008 (3 september 2008). Geraadpleegd op 20 november 2017.
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 Rank Insignia. afm.gov.mt. Armed Forces of Malta. Geraadpleegd op 26 May 2021.
  27. ↑ (20 August 2010). Government Notice. Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia 4547: 99–102
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 28,2 De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht. Ministry of Defence (Netherlands) (19 december 2016). Geraadpleegd op 18 March 2021.
  29. ↑ Badges of Rank. nzdf.mil.nz. New Zealand Defence Force. Geraadpleegd op 28 July 2022.
  30. ↑ Smaldone, Joseph P. (1992). Nigeria: a country study, 5th. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., "National Security", 296–297. Geraadpleegd op 21 October 2021.
  31. ↑ Pakistan Army Ranks with Salary and Insignia. pakistanforces.com. Geraadpleegd op 27 May 2021.
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 RDF Insignia. mod.gov.rw. Government of the Republic of Rwanda. Geraadpleegd op 12 June 2021.
  33. ↑ SAINT CHRISTOPHER AND NEVIS DEFENCE FORCE ACT. Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis (31 december 2009), 110–111.
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 34,2 Rank structure. spdf.sc. Seychelles People's Defence Forces. Geraadpleegd op 4 June 2021.
  35. ↑ 35,0 35,1 35,2 SAF Rank Insignias. mindef.gov.sg. Ministry of Defence (Singapore). Geraadpleegd op 7 June 2021.
  36. ↑ Uniform: Rank insignia. army.mil.za. Department of Defence (South Africa). Gearchiveerd op 20 October 2020. Geraadpleegd op 29 May 2021.
  37. ↑ Dress Regulation PDF - Part I. army.lk 10-4–10-11. Sri Lanka Army (January 2019). Geraadpleegd op 20 May 2021.
  38. ↑ Dyer, Gwynne (1979). World armies. Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, "Surinam", p. 663. Geraadpleegd op 9 March 2022.
  39. ↑ Rank Chart (Commissioned Officers). 69.0.195.188. Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. Geraadpleegd op 27 May 2021. [dode link]
  40. ↑ (18 september 2019). Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces Act. The Uganda Gazette CXII (46): 1851–1854 (Uganda Printing and Publishing Corporation). Gearchiveerd op 14 August 2021. Geraadpleegd op 29 May 2021.
  41. ↑ Rank structure. army.mod.uk. British Army. Geraadpleegd op 27 May 2021.
  42. ↑ U.S. Army Ranks. army.mil. United States Army. Geraadpleegd op 27 May 2021.
  43. ↑ 43,0 43,1 Uruguay: A Country Study, 2nd. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress (1992), "Chapter 5. National Security", 222–223. ISBN 0-8444-0737-2. Geraadpleegd op 13 June 2021.
  44. ↑ Ehrenreich, Frederick (1983). Zimbabwe: a Country Study, 3rd. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., "National Security", p. 267. ISBN 978-0-16-001598-4. Geraadpleegd op 5 July 2022.
  45. ↑ ރޭންކް ސްޓްރަކްޗަރ. mndf.gov.mv. Maldives National Defence Force. Gearchiveerd op 29 February 2020. Geraadpleegd op 2 June 2021.
  46. ↑ Ranks. marines.mil. U.S. Marine Corps. Geraadpleegd op 13 June 2021.
  47. ↑ (pt) Postos e Graduações. marinha.mil.br. Brazilian Navy (11 July 2017). Geraadpleegd op 7 May 2021.
  48. ↑ (es) Grados Militares. ccffaa.mil.pe. Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru. Geraadpleegd op 29 May 2021.
  49. ↑ (pt) Os Postos. marinha.pt. Geraadpleegd op 26 February 2021.
  50. ↑ (pt) Postos e Graduações. fab.mil.br. Brazilian Air Force. Geraadpleegd op 7 May 2021.
  51. ↑ (da) Flyvevåbnets Gradstegn. forsvaret.dk. Danish Defence (2021). Geraadpleegd op 26 May 2021.
  52. ↑ Air Corps Rank Markings. military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Gearchiveerd op 25 april 2016. Geraadpleegd op 26 May 2021.
  53. ↑ Ranks. paf.mil.ph. Philippine Air Force. Gearchiveerd op 18 October 2020. Geraadpleegd op 27 May 2021.
  54. ↑ Rank Insignia. af.mil.za. Department of Defence (South Africa). Gearchiveerd op 1 January 2019. Geraadpleegd op 29 May 2021.
  55. ↑ Air Force Instruction 36-2903. Department of the Air Force (25 June 2021). Gearchiveerd op 14 August 2021. Geraadpleegd op 14 August 2021.
Overgenomen van "https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Second_lieutenant&oldid=121229"