RPG-7

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The RPG-7 (Luafout in Module:Unicode_data op regel 297: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value)) is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank, rocket launcher. The RPG-7 and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the Soviet Union, and are now manufactured by the Russian company Bazalt. The weapon has the GRAU index (Russian armed forces index) 6G3. The ruggedness, simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness of the RPG-7 has made it the most widely used anti-armor weapon in the world. Currently around 40 countries use the weapon; it is manufactured in several variants by nine countries. It is popular with irregular and guerrilla forces. Widely produced, the most commonly seen major variations are the RPG-7D (десантник – desantnik – paratrooper) model, which can be broken into two parts for easier carrying; and the lighter Chinese Type 69 RPG. DIO of Iran manufactures RPG-7s with olive green handguards, H&K pistol grips, and a commando variant. The RPG-7 was first delivered to the Soviet Army in 1961 and deployed at the squad level. It replaced the RPG-2, having clearly out-performed the intermediate RPG-4 design during testing. The current model produced by the Russian Federation is the RPG-7V2, capable of firing standard and dual high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, high explosive/fragmentation, and thermobaricwarheads, with a UP-7V sighting device fitted (used in tandem with the standard 2.7× PGO-7 optical sight) to allow the use of extended range ammunition. The RPG-7D3 is the equivalent paratrooper model. Both the RPG-7V2 and RPG-7D3 were adopted by the Russian Ground Forces in 2001.

Description

Bestand:RPG-7V2 - ETIF-2010.jpg
RPG-7 V2

The launcher is reloadable and based around a steel tube, 40 mm (1.6 in) in diameter, 950 mm (37 in) long, and weighing 7 kg (15 lb). The middle of the tube is wood wrapped to protect the user from heat and the end is flared. Sighting is usually optical with a back-up iron sight, and passive infrared and night sights are also available. The launchers designated RPG-7N1 and RPG-7DN1 can thus mount the multi-purpose night vision scope 1PN51[5] and the launchers designated RPG-7N2 and RPG-7DN2 can mount the multi-purpose night vision scope 1PN58.[6]

As with similar weapons, the grenade protrudes from the launch tubes. It is 40–105 mm (1.6–4.1 in) in diameter and weighs between 2 kg (4.4 lb)[7] and 4.5 kg (9.9 lb). It is launched by a gunpowder booster charge, giving it an initial speed of 115 m/s (380 ft/s), and creating a cloud of light grey-blue smoke that can give away the position of the shooter.[8] The rocket motor[lower-alpha 1] ignites after 10 m (33 ft) and sustains flight out to 500 m (1,600 ft) at a maximum velocity of 295 m/s (970 ft/s). The grenade is stabilized by two sets of fins that deploy in-flight: one large set on the stabilizer pipe to maintain direction and a smaller rear set to induce rotation. The grenade can fly up to 1,100 m (3,600 ft); the fuze sets the maximum range, usually 920 m (3,020 ft).[9]

Propulsion system

Bestand:ANA soldier with RPG-7 in 2013-cropped.jpg
An Afghan National Army soldier firing an RPG-7, 2013

According to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Bulletin 3u (1977) Soviet RPG-7 Antitank Grenade Launcher—Capabilities and Countermeasures, the RPG-7 munition has two sections: a "booster" section and a "warhead and sustainer motor" section. These must be assembled into the ready-to-use grenade. The booster consists of a "small strip powder charge" that serves to propel the grenade out of the launcher; the sustainer motor then ignites and propels the grenade for the next few seconds, giving it a top speed of 294 m/s (960 ft/s). The TRADOC bulletin provides anecdotal commentary that the RPG-7 has been fired from within buildings, which agrees with the two-stage design. It is stated that only a 2 metres (6.6 feet) standoff to a rear obstruction is needed for use inside rooms or fortifications. The fins not only provide drag stabilization, but are designed to impart a slow rotation to the grenade.[citation needed]

Due to the configuration of the RPG-7 sustainer/warhead section, it responds counter-intuitively to crosswinds. A crosswind will tend to exert pressure on the stabilizing fins, causing the projectile to turn into the wind (see Weathervane effect). While the rocket motor is still burning, this will cause the flight path to curve into the wind. The TRADOC bulletin explains aiming difficulties for more distant moving targets in crosswinds at some length.

Ammunition

Bestand:RPG-7 ammo.jpg
RPG-7 rockets
Bestand:PG-7V of RPG7 sect.svg
Inside of an RPG's three sections.
I) The head contains Sjabloon:Ordered list II) The rocket motor consists of Sjabloon:Ordered list III) The booster charge includes Sjabloon:Ordered list

The RPG-7 can fire a variety of warheads for anti-armor (HEAT, PG-Protivotankovaya Granata) or anti-personnel (HE, OG-Oskolochnaya Granata) purposes, usually fitting with an impact (PIBD) and a 4.5 second fuze. Armor penetration is warhead dependent and ranges from 300–600 mm (12–24 in) of RHA; one warhead, the PG-7VR, is a 'tandem charge' device, used to defeat reactive armor with a single shot.[citation needed] The Russian Ministry of Defense said in December 2023 that it has modified the RPG-7V grenade launcher in order to shoot 82-mm mines.[10]

Current production ammunition for the RPG-7V2 consists of four main types:

Other warhead variants include:

  • PG-7V [c.1961] – baseline 85 mm (3.3 in) HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 260 mm (10 in) RHA.[12]
  • PG-7VM [c.1969] – improved 70 mm (2.8 in) HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 300 mm (12 in) RHA.
  • PG-7VS [c.1972] – improved 73 mm (2.9 in) HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 400 mm (16 in) RHA.
  • PG-7VS1 [c.mid-1970s] – cheaper PG-7VS version capable of penetrating 360 mm (14 in) RHA.
  • GSh-7VT [c.2013] – anti-bunker warhead with cylindrical follow-through blast-fragmentation munition followed by explosively formed penetrator.[13]
  • OGi-7MA [unknown] – anti-personnel fragmentation munition developed for the Bulgarian ATGL-L. improved equivalent to the Soviet OG-7V. Compatible with RPG-7.[14]

Specifications

Manufacturer specifications for the RPG-7V1.[15]

Name Type Image Weight Explosive weight[16][17] Diameter Penetration Lethal radius
PG-7VL Single-stage HEAT
Bestand:RPG PG 7VL.png
 2.6 kg (5.7 lb) 730 g (26 oz) OKFOL (95% HMX + 5% wax) 93 mm (3.7 in) >500 mm (20 in) RHA
PG-7VR Tandem charge HEAT
Bestand:RPG PG 7R.png
 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) 1.43 kg (3.2 lb) OKFOL (95% HMX + 5% wax) 64 mm (2.5 in)/105 mm (4.1 in) 600 mm (24 in) RHA (with reactive armor)

750 mm (30 in) RHA (without reactive armor)

OG-7V Fragmentation
Bestand:RPG OG 7VL.png
 2 kg (4 lb) 210 g (7.4 oz) A-IX-1 40 mm (1.6 in) 7 m (23 ft) (vs. body armor)[18][19]
TBG-7V Thermobaric
Bestand:RPG TBG 7V.png
 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) 1.9 kg (4.2 lb) ОМ 100МИ-3Л + 0.25 kg (0.55 lb) A-IX-1 (as thermobaric explosive booster) 105 mm (4.1 in) 10 m (30 ft)

Hit probabilities

Range
m (ft)		 Percent
50 (160) 100
100 (330) 96
200 (660) 51
300 (980) 22
400 (1,300) 9
500 (1,600) 4

A 1976 U.S. Army evaluation of the weapon gave the hit probabilities on a 5-by-2.5-metre (16.4 ft × 8.2 ft) panel moving sideways at 4 m/s (13 ft/s).[20] Crosswinds cause additional issues as the round steers into the wind; in an 11 km/h (6.8 mph) wind, firing at a stationary tank sized target, the gunner cannot expect to get a first-round hit more than 50% of the time at 180 m (590 ft).[21]

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History of use

The RPG-7 was first used in 1967 by Egypt during the Six-Day War, and by the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War, but it did not see widespread usage in Vietnam until the following year.[22]

The RPG-7 was used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland from 1969 to 2005, most notably in Lurgan, County Armagh, where it was used against British Army observation posts and the towering military base at Kitchen Hill in the town.[23] The IRA also used them in Catholic areas of West Belfast against British Army armoured personnel carriers and Army forward operating bases (FOB). Beechmount Avenue in Belfast became known as "RPG Avenue" after attacks on British troops.[24]

In Mogadishu, Somalia, RPG-7s were used to down two U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopters in 1993.[25][26]

During the first and second Chechen wars, Chechens used RPG-7 which they had captured from Soviet bases and used them against Russian armored columns. During the first war, Russians may have lost 100 tanks and 250 AFVs in Grozny.[27] The Chechens were able to knock out T-72s with three or four RPG-7 hits. Against T-72s with explosive reactive armor, the Chechens fired an RPG in close range (within 50 m (160 ft)) to detonate the armor and then followed this with RPG hits on the now exposed point of the tank, also from close range.[28] The RPG-7 was also effective against armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs), buildings and personnel.[29]

The PG-7VR has been used by Iraqi insurgents.[30] On 28 August 2003, it achieved a mobility kill against an American M1 Abrams hitting the left side hull next to the forward section of the engine compartment.[31]

During the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), several M1A2 Abrams were temporarily disabled by RPG-7 hits.[32]

Users

Bestand:RPG-7 Users.png
A map with users of the RPG-7 in blue and former users in red
Bestand:RPG soldier and squad.jpg
A Bulgarian soldier with an ATGL-L (Bulgarian copy of the RPG-7) equipped with a red dot reflex sight.
Bestand:Batalionul 191 infanterie 62.jpg
A Romanian soldier with an AG-7 (licensed built RPG-7).
Bestand:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Iranian RPG Found in Lebanon.jpg
Iranian manufactured RPG-7 launcher, uncovered in Lebanon, by the IDF.

Non-state users

Former users

Conflicts

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also

Notes

References

  1. ↑ RPG-7/RPG-7V/RPG-7VR Rocket Propelled Grenade Launcher (Multi Purpose Weapon). Defense Update (2006). Gearchiveerd op 8 June 2011. Geraadpleegd op 23 January 2011.
  2. ↑ Iraqi Gun Market Trends: Early January – SIG Sauer M17 Handgun, NEA PDW-CCS (3 February 2020).
  3. ↑ Small Arms Survey. Graduate Institute of International Studies (2004), p. 8.
  4. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 41.
  5. ↑ (ru) ' (January 1992), 11, 16.Citefout: Kan Citeer boek niet gebruiken, vanwege ontbrekende parameter titel.
  6. ↑ (ru) ' (February 1991), 5, 15.Citefout: Kan Citeer boek niet gebruiken, vanwege ontbrekende parameter titel.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 RosOboronExport. rusarm.ru. Gearchiveerd op 20 October 2013. Geraadpleegd op 20 January 2014.
  8. ↑ Infantry. U.S. Army Infantry School (3 October 1998) – via Google Books.
  9. ↑ Grillo, Ioan (25 October 2012). Mexico's Drug Lords Ramp Up Their Arsenals with RPGs. Gearchiveerd op 6 april 2013. Time
  10. ↑ (ru) ЦАМТО / / Минобороны представило кадры боевой работы гранатометчиков группировки войск "Восток". ЦАМТО / Центр анализа мировой торговли оружием (25 december 2023). Geraadpleegd op 26 december 2023.
  11. ↑ Anti-tank Rocket PG-7VR | Catalog Rosoboronexport.
  12. ↑ RPG-7 antitank grenade launcher (USSR / Russia) Archived 16 januari 2017 at the Wayback Machine – Modernfirearms.net
  13. ↑ FKP GkNIPAS completes development of anti-bunker round for RPG-7V2 grenade launcher Archived 22 september 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Janes.com, 30 June 2013
  14. ↑ Bulgarian OGi-7MA rounds were delivered to Bakhmut – mil.in.ua, 26 February 2023
  15. ↑ Rosoboronexport. Rusarm.ru. Gearchiveerd op 4 February 2012. Geraadpleegd op 20 February 2012.
  16. ↑ Per Ordata Archived 10 maart 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ Per [1] Archived 8 juni 2011 at the Wayback Machine defense-update RPG-29 due to PG-29V and PG-7VR has same warhead
  18. ↑ Tilstra, Russel C. (10 January 2014). Small Arms for Urban Combat: A Review. ISBN 9780786488759.
  19. ↑ OG-7V Fragmentation round. Rosoboronexport. Rosoboronexport.
  20. ↑ TRADOC Bulletin 1, Range and Lethality of U.S. and Soviet Anti-Armour Weapons.. United States Army Training And Doctrine Command (30 september 1975). Gearchiveerd op 14 July 2014. Geraadpleegd op 6 July 2014.
  21. ↑ TRADOC Bulletin 3, Soviet RPG-7 Antitank Grenade Launcher.. United States Army Training And Doctrine Command (November 1976). Gearchiveerd op 30 August 2019.
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 22,3 Rottman 2010, p. 33.
  23. ↑ Oppenheimer, A. R. (2009). IRA. The Bombs and the Bullets: A history of deadly ingenuity. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, p. 227. ISBN 978-0-7165-2895-1, pp. 240–241.
  24. ↑ Harrison, David, Fragile calm behind Ulster's 'peace walls'. Telegraph.co.uk (13 May 2007). Gearchiveerd op 13 november 2012. Geraadpleegd op 20 February 2012.
  25. ↑ Speck, Shane, How Rocket-Propelled Grenades Work. Science.howstuffworks.com (11 March 2004). Gearchiveerd op 1 March 2012. Geraadpleegd op 20 February 2012.
  26. ↑ Thornton, Rod (12 February 2007). Asymmetric Warfare: Threat and Response in the 21st Century. Polity. ISBN 9780745633657.
  27. ↑ 27,0 27,1 27,2 Rottman 2010, p. 64.
  28. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 65.
  29. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 68.
  30. ↑ Photo: Mystery Missile Solved
  31. ↑ Army Times: "'Something' Felled An Abrams Tank In Iraq - But What? Mystery Behind Aug. 28 Incident Puzzles Army Officials"
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 Rottman 2010, p. 43.
  33. ↑ 33,00 33,01 33,02 33,03 33,04 33,05 33,06 33,07 33,08 33,09 33,10 33,11 33,12 33,13 33,14 33,15 33,16 33,17 33,18 33,19 33,20 33,21 33,22 33,23 33,24 33,25 33,26 33,27 33,28 33,29 33,30 33,31 33,32 33,33 33,34 33,35 33,36 33,37 33,38 33,39 33,40 33,41 33,42 33,43 33,44 33,45 33,46 33,47 33,48 33,49 33,50 33,51 33,52 33,53 33,54 33,55 33,56 33,57 33,58 33,59 33,60 33,61 33,62 33,63 33,64 33,65 33,66 Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (27 January 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  34. ↑ Gore, Patrick Wilson (2008). 'Tis Some Poor Fellow's Skull: Post-Soviet Warfare in the Southern Caucasus. iUniverse, 60. ISBN 9780595486793. Geraadpleegd op 28 August 2018 "RPG-7 karabagh."
  35. ↑ Small Arms Survey (2011). Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security. Oxford University Press, "Larger but Less Known: Authorized Light Weapons Transfers", p. 29. Gearchiveerd op 11 July 2011.
  36. ↑ 40 mm ATGL-L Family - Arsenal JSCo. - Bulgarian manufacturer of weapons and ammunition since 1878. www.arsenal-bg.com.
  37. ↑ ATGL-L anti-tank grenade launcher Archived 21 augustus 2010 at the Wayback Machine, arsenal.bg
  38. ↑ (fr) Burkina Faso: Un véhicule emporté lors d'un braquage à Ouahigouya. koaci.com (13 October 2016). Gearchiveerd op 29 August 2018. Geraadpleegd op 28 August 2018.
  39. ↑ (es) Cherisey, Erwan de (July 2019). El batallón de infantería "Badenya" de Burkina Faso en Mali – Noticias Defensa En abierto. Revista Defensa (495–496).
  40. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 36.
  41. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 37.
  42. ↑ (pl) Rosyjska broń dla Fidżi. altair.pl. Gearchiveerd op 4 March 2016. Geraadpleegd op 21 February 2016.
  43. ↑ Anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher RPG-7G. Gearchiveerd op 22 december 2014. Geraadpleegd op 9 april 2015.
  44. ↑ ქართული წარმოების სამხედრო აღჭურვილობა. geo-army.ge. Gearchiveerd op 1 February 2014. Geraadpleegd op 20 January 2014.
  45. ↑ RPGL-7D : Versatile, Cost Effective, Lethal.. Gearchiveerd op 26 October 2014. Geraadpleegd op 17 september 2014.
  46. ↑ Lugosi, József (2008). Hazánk dicsőségére: 160 éves a Magyar Honvédség. Zrínyi Kiadó, Budapest, "Gyalogsági fegyverek 1868–2008", p. 389. ISBN 978-963-327-461-3.
  47. ↑ 47,0 47,1 Rottman 2010, p. 38.
  48. ↑ Katz, Samuel (1986) Israeli Defence Forces Since 1973. Osprey ISBN 0-85045-687-8
  49. ↑ Military & Defense, Peshmerga Military Equipment. Business Insider. Gearchiveerd op 6 augustus 2017. Geraadpleegd op 27 februari 2017.
  50. ↑ Berman, Eric G. (March 2019). Beyond Blue Helmets: Promoting Weapons and Ammunition Management in Non-UN Peace Operations. Small Arms Survey/MPOME, p. 43. Gearchiveerd op 3 June 2019.
  51. ↑ Nazrini Badarun, Unit khas polis ESSZONE akan terima RPG baru. New Sabah Times (24 May 2017). Gearchiveerd op 5 June 2017. Geraadpleegd op 6 June 2017.
  52. ↑ "Rocket-propelled grenade boost for security", 24 May 2017. Geraadpleegd op 6 June 2017.
  53. ↑ Touchard, Laurent, "Armée malienne : le difficile inventaire", 18 June 2013. Geraadpleegd op 28 August 2018.
  54. ↑ Vines, Alex (March 1998). Disarmament in Mozambique. Journal of Southern African Studies 24 (1): 191–205. DOI: 10.1080/03057079808708572.
  55. ↑ https://www.myanmarwitness.org/_files/ugd/06ca64_9dbcff31640547f3bd747fe8c86e6c6c.pdf
  56. ↑ Okoroafor, Cynthia, You probably didn't know that Nigeria already manufactures these weapons. Ventures (27 August 2015). Gearchiveerd op 2 February 2017. Geraadpleegd op 24 January 2017.
  57. ↑ Bundeswehr in Niger: Unterwegs mit einer Patrouille. www.bmvg.de. Gearchiveerd op 8 August 2017. Geraadpleegd op 8 August 2017.
  58. ↑ (5 december 2014). IDEAS 2012. Small Arms Defense Journal 6 (3). Gearchiveerd op 2 June 2017. Geraadpleegd op 10 december 2014.
  59. ↑ (13 October 2017). IDEAS 2016—Pakistan. Small Arms Defense Journal 9 (4). Gearchiveerd op 23 October 2017. Geraadpleegd op 22 October 2017.
  60. ↑ Alpers, Philip (2010). The Politics of Destroying Surplus Small Arms: Inconspicuous Disarmament. Routledge Books, Abingdon-on-Thames, 168–169. ISBN 978-0-415-49461-8.
  61. ↑ Philippines starts transition to RPG-7 infantry rocket launchers. Asia Pacific Defense Journal (January 31, 2019). Geraadpleegd op January 31, 2020.
  62. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 39.
  63. ↑ Carfil website. Gearchiveerd op 27 August 2007.
  64. ↑ (es) El conflicto del Sahara occidental. Ministerio de Defensa de España & Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (2006), p. 78. ISBN 84-9781-253-0.
  65. ↑ Rbr7 - PPT NAMENSKA. www.ppt-namenska.rs. Gearchiveerd op 1 november 2018. Geraadpleegd op 12 January 2022.
  66. ↑ Anti Tank weapons. South African Army. Gearchiveerd op 5 July 2013. Geraadpleegd op 20 January 2014.
  67. ↑ Small Arms Survey (2014). Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and guns. Cambridge University Press, "Weapons tracing in Sudan and South Sudan", 227, 229, 234. Gearchiveerd op 14 October 2016. Geraadpleegd op 28 August 2018.
  68. ↑ Sinar Light Antitank Rocket Launcher Archived 1 april 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 17 March 2009.
  69. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 19.
  70. ↑ After decades in combat, Russia's RPG is as dangerous and popular as ever. Insider. Geraadpleegd op 11 april 2022.
  71. ↑ 71,0 71,1 71,2 Still a Killer: Why Russia's Old RPG-7 Rocket Launcher Lives On. The National Interest (17 april 2021). Gearchiveerd op 3 January 2022. Geraadpleegd op 3 april 2022.
  72. ↑ Houthis. United Against Nuclear Iran. Gearchiveerd op 4 april 2022. Geraadpleegd op 3 april 2022.
  73. ↑ 73,0 73,1 "For some, the RPG-7 was once icon of 'armed struggle' - now it's a symbol of its futility", Belfast Telegraph. Geraadpleegd op 11 april 2022.
  74. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 62.
  75. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 63.
  76. ↑ LTTE's Rare Infantry Weapons. srilankaguardian.org (17 november 2007). Geraadpleegd op 17 december 2023.
  77. ↑ 77,0 77,1 77,2 77,3 Rottman 2010, p. 70.

Bibliography

External links

Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina RPG-7 op Wikimedia Commons.

Sjabloon:Russian RPG series


Citefout: Er bestaat een label <ref> voor de groep "lower-alpha", maar er is geen bijbehorend label <references group="lower-alpha"/> aangetroffen

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