Brontekst bekijken van ZH-29

{{Infobox weapon
| name               = ZH-29
| image              = ZH-29.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = ZH-29 semi-automatic rifle
| origin             = [[Czechoslovakia]]
| type               = [[Semi-automatic rifle]]
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_ranged          = YES
<!-- Service history -->
| service            =
| used_by            = See ''[[#Users|Users]]''
| wars               = [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]<br>[[World War II]]
<!-- Production history -->
| designer           = Emanuel Holek
| design_date        = 1929
| manufacturer       = [[Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka]]
| unit_cost          =
| production_date    =
| number             =
| variants           = ZH-32
<!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label         =
| weight             = {{convert|4.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| length             = {{convert|1150|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = {{convert|545|mm|in|abbr=on}}
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge          = [[7.92×57mm Mauser]]
| action             = Gas-operated, tilting bolt
| rate               =
| velocity           ={{convert|808|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
| range              ={{convert|350|m|yd|abbr=on}}
| max_range          =
| feed               = 5, 10, or 20-round [[box magazine]]
| sights             = iron sights
}}

The '''ZH-29''' was a [[semi-automatic rifle]] developed in [[Czechoslovakia]] during the late 1920s, and used by the Chinese [[National Revolutionary Army]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://survincity.com/2012/08/czechoslovak-rifle-semi-automatic-type-zh-29/|title=Czechoslovak rifle semi-automatic type ZH-29 — Encyclopedia of safety|access-date=2014-01-27|archive-date=2021-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724070424/https://survincity.com/2012/08/czechoslovak-rifle-semi-automatic-type-zh-29/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Overview==
The ZH-29 is a [[gas-operated]] [[Semi-automatic firearm|semi-automatic]] [[service rifle]] with a tilting-bolt locking system similar to that which would be later used in the [[Sturmgewehr 44]]; although while the bolt of the German gun tilts vertically, that of the ZH-29 does so to the left side.  Externally the most distinctive feature is that the barrel is offset at a slight angle to the receiver to compensate for this.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/czech-zh29-rifle/|title=Czech ZH29 rifle|date=11 March 2011}}</ref> Also unusually, the  rifle uses an aluminium barrel jacket.

An upgraded variant was designated as the ZH-32.<ref name="Chinese">{{cite book|title=Kangzhan: Guide to Chinese Ground Forces 1937–45|publisher=Helion & Company |isbn=9781910294420|date=July 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYQwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA254|first1=Leland|last1=Ness|first2=Bin|last2=Shih|page=254}}</ref>

In China, [[Fengtian Clique|Chang Tso-lin's army]] received 150 ZH-29 and 100 ZH-32 rifles, and the provincial troops of [[Guangdong]] also received 33 ZH-32. A derivative prototype was built in 1932 in [[Shenyang]], China. It is unlikely that these rifles saw action during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]].<ref name="Chinese"/>

A version of the ZH-29 rifle was chambered in [[.276 Pedersen]] cartridge and was submitted to [[United States Army|US Army]] trials but was unsuccessful.<ref>[http://ww2.rediscov.com/spring/VFPCGI.exe?IDCFile=/spring/DETAILS.IDC,SPECIFIC=12278,DATABASE=objects, Springfield Armory page on the ZH-29 (SPAR item 3633)] quoting from Walter, John. RIFLES OF THE WORLD. 3rd Edition. Krause Publications. Iola, Wi. 2006</ref>

During the last stages of the development in the [[AK-47]] assault rifle, the testing grounds committee advised [[Mikhail Kalashnikov]] to redesign the trigger group of the AK-46 rifle prototype along the lines of ZH-29 rifle, which he did. The testing grounds committee also advised every competitor on how to generally improve their firearm designs.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kalashnikov.ru/zanovo-rozhdyonnyj-udivitelnaya-istoriya-ak-47-1/?tg_rhash=b98c9a7f543430 | title=Заново рождённый. Удивительная история АК-47 № 1 &#124; Оружейный журнал «КАЛАШНИКОВ» | date=10 November 2018 }}</ref>

== Users==
* {{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=China}}: 210 imported in 1930-31<ref>{{cite book|title=China's Small Arms of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)|last=Shih|first=Bin|year=2018}}</ref>
* {{flag|Ethiopian Empire|name=Ethiopia}}: 100 ZH-32s<ref>{{cite web|title=The 20th Century Revisited: Relations between former Czechoslovakia and Ethiopia|author1=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic|author-link1=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)|author2=Jimma University|author2-link=Jimma University|author3=Addis Ababa University|author3-link=Addis Ababa University|author4=University of West Bohemia|author4-link=University of West Bohemia|author5=Embassy of the Czech Republic in Addis Ababa|url=https://kbs.zcu.cz/export/sites/ffkbs/files/2015/The-20th-Century-Revisited.pdf}}</ref>
* {{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}: (Experimental prototype copy developed from captured examples from China)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ria-japanese-zh-29-copy-by-tokyo-gas-electric/|title=Japanese ZH-29 Copy by Tokyo Gas & Electric|date=August 15, 2016|access-date=March 18, 2017|author=Ian McCollum}}</ref>
* {{flag|Lithuania}}
* {{flag|Thailand}}<ref name="Smith">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Joseph E.|title=Small Arms of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld00smit|url-access=registration|edition =11|location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|publisher= The Stackpole Company|year=1969|page=[https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld00smit/page/310 310]|isbn=9780811715669}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Weapons of Czechoslovakia interwar period]]
*[[Kbsp wz. 1938M]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|ZH-29 rifle}}
*{{cite web |url=https://modernfirearms.net/en/military-rifles/self-loading-rifles/czech-republic-self-loading-rifles/zh-29-eng/ |title=ZH-29 rifle (Czechoslovakia) |first=Maxim |last=Popenker |work=Modern Firearms |publisher=World Guns |access-date=October 8, 2023}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rememuseum.org.uk/collections_view.aspx?id=152 |title=Rifle 7.92 mm Automatic ZH 29 |work=[[REME Museum of Technology]] |publisher=The Corps of Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers |access-date=December 25, 2012 |archive-date=March 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313050730/http://www.rememuseum.org.uk/collections_view.aspx?id=152 |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/czech-zh29-rifle/ |title=Czech ZH29 rifle |first=Ian |last=McCollum |date=11 March 2011 |publisher=ForgottenWeapons.com |access-date=December 25, 2012}}
*{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5dyjhcxGMI  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/e5dyjhcxGMI |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Czech ZH29 early semiauto rifle |medium=YouTube |people=McCollum, Ian |publisher=ForgottenWeapons.com |date=June 7, 2011 |access-date=December 25, 2012}}{{cbignore}}
*Patents
**[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1821385 charging device patent]
**[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1799981 gas piston rod patent]
**[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1802816 gas pressure regulator patent]
**[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1786536 firing mechanism patent]

{{Weapons of Czechoslovakia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zh-29}}
[[Category:7.92×57mm Mauser semi-automatic rifles]]
[[Category:Semi-automatic rifles of Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of China]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of Germany]]
[[Category:World War II semi-automatic rifles]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s]]


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