Brontekst bekijken van ZB vz. 30

{{Infobox weapon
|name=ZB-30
| image=DavidYovanitch.png
| image_size = 300
|caption=Yugoslav-made ZB vz. 30
|origin= [[Czechoslovakia]]<br />[[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] {{small|(license)}}<br />[[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] {{small|(license)}} 
|type=[[Light machine gun]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service=1930–2009{{sfn|Grant|2013|p=65}}
|used_by=See ''[[ZB vz. 30#Users|Users]]''
|wars=[[Chaco War]]<ref name ='Chaco'/><br />[[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]]<ref name="Ethiopia"/><br />[[Spanish Civil War]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Spanish Civil War 1936–39 (2): Republican Forces|series=Men-at-Arms 498|first= Alejandro |last=de Quesada|date=20 Jan 2015|isbn=9781782007852|publisher=Osprey Publishing|page=38}}</ref><br />[[World War II]]<br />[[First Indochina War]]<br />[[Algerian War]]<br />[[Nigerian Civil War|Biafran war]]<br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]{{sfn|Grant|2013|p=65}}
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= 
|design_date=1930
|manufacturer=[[Zbrojovka Brno]], [[Cugir Arms Factory]], [[Zastava Arms|Military Technical Institute Kragujevac]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zastava-arms.rs/sr/imagetext/1919-1941 |title=1919-1941 &#124; Zastava-arms |access-date=2018-07-04 |archive-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052941/http://www.zastava-arms.rs/sr/imagetext/1919-1941 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|unit_cost=
|production_date=
|number=
|variants= 
<!-- General specifications -->
|spec_label=
|weight={{convert|9.10|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}}
|length={{convert|1180|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|part_length=
|width=
|height=
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=[[7.92×57mm Mauser]]
|caliber=
|action=[[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]], tilting breechblock
|rate= 550-650 rounds/min
|velocity={{convert|750|m/s|0|abbr=on}}
|range={{convert|1000|m|yd|abbr=on}}
|max_range=
|feed=20-round detachable box [[Magazine (firearms)|magazine]]
|sights=Front blade, rear leaf sight
}}

The '''ZB-30''' and '''ZB-30J''' were [[Czechoslovakia]]n [[light machine guns]] that saw extensive use during World War II.

== History ==
The Zb 30 and Zb 30J were the later versions of the famous Czechoslovak machine gun, the [[ZB-26]]. However, the ZB-30 had some design differences, making it similar to the later ZGB-33, which was an early prototype of the [[Bren light machine gun|Bren]] gun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/czech-republic-machineguns/zb-26-eng/|title=ZB 26|date=October 27, 2010|website=Modern Firearms}}</ref> Like the ZB-26, the ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' adopted the ZB-30 after the occupation of Czechoslovakia, renaming it the '''MG30(t)'''; it was used in the same role as the [[MG34]], as a light machine gun. In the opening phases of World War II, the ZB-30 in 7.92&nbsp;mm Mauser caliber was used in large numbers by elements of the German ''[[Waffen-SS]]'', who did not initially have full access to standard ''Wehrmacht'' supply channels.{{sfn|Grant|2013|p=65}}

Comparison of original ZB vz.26 and modifications:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Machine gun
! ZB vz.26
! ZB vz.30
! ZB vz.30J (note)
|-
| Caliber (mm)
| 7.92
| 7.92
| 7.92
|-
| Length (mm)
| 1165
| 1180
| 1204
|-
| Weight (kg)
| 8.84
| 9.10
| 9.58
|-
| Magazine (rounds)
| 20
| 20
| 20
|-
| Rate (round/min)
| 500
| 550-650
| 500-600
|-
| Velocity (m/s)
| 750
| 750
| 750
|}

Note - The ZB 30J was a late design iteration of the ZB 30 for sale to Yugoslavia (originally spelled with a J) that featured an adjustable gas system so that commonly available light and heavy 7.92mm ball ammunition would cycle the mechanism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://marstar.ca/product/brno-zb-30j/ |title=Brno Zb-30J – Marstar Canada |website=marstar.ca |access-date=22 Nov 2020}}</ref>

== Users ==
[[Image:Romanian Patriotic Guards Training 1.jpg|thumb|300px|A license-built Romanian ZB-30 used after the war by the [[Patriotic Guards (Romania)|Patriotic Guards]].]]
[[Image:Aleksandar Simić, fotografije Ravnogorskog pokreta (21).jpg|thumb|300px|Yugoslav Royalist fighter with M37, domestic built variant of ZB-30.]]
*{{flag|Kingdom of Afghanistan}}: 2,000 in [[7.92×57mm Mauser|7.92mm Mauser]] caliber shipped in 1938<ref name="militaria.cz"/>
* {{flag|Algeria}}: used by the [[National Liberation Army (Algeria)|National Liberation Army]].<ref>{{cite web|title=StG-44 in Africa after WWII|url=https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/09/27/stg-44-in-africa-after-wwii/|date=27 September 2015|website=wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com}}</ref>
*{{flag|Biafra}}<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last=Jowett|first=Philip|title=Modern African Wars (5): The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967-70|year=2016|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1472816092|page=22}}</ref>
*{{flag|Bolivia}}: 3,350 in [[7.65×53mm Mauser|7.65mm Mauser]] between 1932 and 1937,<ref name="militaria.cz"/> used in the [[Chaco War]]<ref name ='Chaco'>{{cite book|author=Alejandro de Quesada|title=The Chaco War 1932-35: South America's greatest modern conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dTm3CwAAQBAJ|date=20 November 2011|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84908-901-2|pages=24}}</ref>
*{{flag|Bulgaria}}: used as aircraft gun on [[Kaproni Bulgarski KB-11 Fazan]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
*{{flag|Czechoslovakia}}{{sfn|Grant|2013|p=10}}
*{{flagicon|Republic of China}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]: Imported and produced under license.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chinese Civil War Armies 1911-49|first=Philip S.|last=Jowett|series=Men at Arms 306|year=1997|publisher=Osprey Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ck6IumJLdPkC&pg=PA14|page=36|isbn=1855326655|access-date=April 24, 2014}}</ref>
* {{flag|Ecuador}} 750 [[7.92×57mm Mauser|7.92mm Mauser]] in 1935-1936<ref name="militaria.cz"/>
* {{flag|Ethiopia|1914}}: 400-450 in [[7.92×57mm Mauser|7.92mm Mauser]] ZB vz.30 bought in 1934, used by the [[Kebur Zabagna]]<ref name="Ethiopia">{{cite web|title= ZB VZ 30|url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30033263|website=iwm.org.uk|publisher=[[Imperial War Museum]]}}</ref><ref name="militaria.cz"/>
*{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
* {{flag|Guatemala}}: 50 in [[7×57mm Mauser|7mm Mauser]], delivered in 1937<ref>{{cite book|title=Checoslovaquia, Guatemala y México en el Período de la Revolución Guatemalteca: Ibero-Americana Pragensia - Supplementum 32/2013|last=Perutka|first= Lukáš|date= September 2014|publisher=Karolinum Press|isbn=978-80-246-2429-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IoM3BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA36|page=36|language=es}}</ref><ref name="militaria.cz"/>
*{{flag|Iran|1925}}:<ref name="Encyclopedie">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Fusils-mitrailleurs Lehky Kulomet ZB vz.26 and vz.30|language=fr | encyclopedia =Encyclopédie des armes : Les forces armées du monde|publisher=Atlas|year=1984|page=262|volume=II|number=14. Les mitrailleuses de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale}}</ref> produced under license. Modified to fire the .30 cartridge.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=463}}
*{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}: An unspecified number were captured in Ethiopia and in Yugoslavia. By July 1942, 936 were listed in the [[Regio Esercito]]'s inventory. Experiments were conducted in converting them to the [[8×59mm Rb Breda]] cartridge. In March 1943, they were issued to territorial units in [[Lazio]], [[Liguria]], and [[Tuscany]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riccio |first1=Ralph |title=Italian small arms of the first & second world wars |date=2013 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing |isbn=9780764345838 |page=161}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}: used captured Chinese guns.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=498}}
* {{flag|Latvia}}: 11 in [[7.92×57mm Mauser|7.92mm Mauser]] received in 1936<ref name="militaria.cz">{{cite web|title=Nejprodávanější československá zbraň|first=Jiří|last=Fencl|url=http://www.militaria.cz/archiv/391/clanky/391-08.html|publisher=Militaria, Elka Press|access-date=12 March 2019|date=1991|language=cs}}</ref>
*{{flag|Manchukuo}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Rays of the rising sun : armed forces of Japan's Asian allies, 1931-45, Vol. 1: China & Manchukuo| publisher=Helion|year=2010|first=Philip S.|last= Jowett|isbn=9781906033781|page=15}}</ref>
* {{flag|Nicaragua}}: 5 in [[7×57mm Mauser|7mm Mauser]] supplied in 1937<ref name="militaria.cz"/>
* {{flag|Peru}}: 1,257 in 7.65mm, delivered from 1932 to 1938<ref name="militaria.cz"/> Some converted to [[7.62 NATO]].<ref name="SmallArmsToday88per">{{cite book| last = Ezell| first = Edward| author-link = Edward C. Ezell| title = Small Arms Today| publisher = Stackpole Books| volume = 2nd| edition = | date = 1988
| pages = 304| language = English | isbn = 0811722805| jfm =}}</ref>
*{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}: Produced under license.{{sfn|Grant|2013|p=65}}{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=535}} 17,131 were imported from Czechoslovakia from 1933<ref name="militaria.cz"/><ref>Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, ''Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945'', p. 29</ref> and 10,000 were license-produced at [[Cugir Arms Factory|Cugir]],<ref>John Walter, Greenhill Books, 2004, ''Guns of the Third Reich'', p. 86</ref> with a production rate of 250 pieces per month as of October 1942.<ref>Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, ''Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945'', p. 75</ref>
*{{flag|Spain|1938}}: 20,000 [[7.92×57mm Mauser|7.92mm Mauser]] caliber guns ordered{{sfn|Grant|2013|p=65}} but only a few hundred actually delivered. Copied as the [[Fusil ametrallador Oviedo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Fusil Ametrallador Oviedo (FAO): otro capítulo más de nuestra gloriosa historia armera|language=es|date=24 March 2017|website=arma.es|url=https://www.armas.es/militar/33483-fusil-ametrallador-oviedo-fao}}</ref>
*{{flag|Turkey}}: 9,805 [[7.92×57mm Mauser|7.92mm Mauser]] caliber supplied in 1935–1939.<ref name="militaria.cz"/> Produced under license{{sfn|Grant|2013|p=65}}
* {{flag|Uruguay}}: 80 in 7mm received in 1937<ref name="militaria.cz"/>
* {{flag|Venezuela}}: 110 in [[7×57mm Mauser|7mm Mauser]] caliber ZB-30J received in 1937<ref name="militaria.cz"/>
*{{flag|Vietnam}}: Used by the [[Việt Minh]], supplied by both Nationalist and Communist Chinese<ref>{{cite book|title=French Foreign Légionnaire vs Viet Minh Insurgent: North Vietnam 1948–52|series=Combat 36|first=Martin |last=Windrow|date=20 Sep 2018|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=9781472828910|pages=24–25}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg|25px|border]] [[Yugoslavia]]: The ZB Model 30J was produced under license as, Пушкомитраљез 7.9mm модел 1937".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zastava-arms.rs/en/imagetext/1919-1941 |title=1919-1941 {{!}} Zastava-arms |website=www.zastava-arms.rs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612085810/http://www.zastava-arms.rs/en/imagetext/1919-1941 |archive-date=2013-06-12}}</ref>{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=320}} 15,500 were bought in 1936.<ref name="militaria.cz"/>
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}
*McNab, Chris: ''Twentieth-century Small Arms'', Grange Books, 2004; {{ISBN|1-84013-381-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Grant|first=Neil|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=85zvCwAAQBAJ|title=The Bren Gun|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1782000822|series=Weapon |volume=22}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Joseph E.|year=1969 |title=Small Arms of the World |edition=11th |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|publisher= The Stackpole Company |isbn=9780811715669|url=https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld00smit|url-access=registration}}

==External links==
* [http://www.project-x.org.uk/images/picgfszb30.jpg Photograph at project-x.org.uk]
* [http://www.fronta.cz/fotogalerie/lehky-kulomet-zb-30j ZB vz. 30J photogallery]

{{Weapons of Czechoslovakia}}

[[Category:Light machine guns]]
[[Category:World War II machine guns]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of Germany]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of China]]
[[Category:Machine guns of Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:7.92×57mm Mauser machine guns]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s]]