Brontekst bekijken van Vz. 33

{{about|the Czech carbine|the German Model 1933 rifle|Standardmodell rifle}}
{{short description|Czech rifle}}
{{lowercase title}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name= Puška vz. 33 (aka vz. 16/33)
|image= Gewehr_33-40.jpg
|caption= Gewehr 33/40 (t)
|origin= [[Czechoslovakia]]
|type=[[Carbine]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service= 1934–1954
|used_by=[[Czechoslovakia]]<br>[[#Users|Other users]]
|wars=[[Chaco War]]<br>[[World War II]]<br>[[Ecuadorian–Peruvian War]]
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= 
|design_date= 1933
|manufacturer= [[Zbrojovka Brno]]
|production_date= 1934–1942
|number= more than 156,000 (vz. 16/33 and G 33/40)<ref name="Grant 61"/>
|variants= Vz. 12/33 (produced for Latin America)<br>Gewehr 33/40 (produced for Germany)
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight= {{convert|3.1|kg|lb|abbr=on}} (vz. 16/33)<br>{{convert|3.45|kg|lb|abbr=on}} (Gewehr 33/40)
|length= {{convert|950|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (vz. 16/33)<br>{{convert|1000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}) (Gewehr 33/40)
|part_length= {{convert|490|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|width=
|height=
|crew=
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> 
|cartridge= [[7.92×57mm Mauser]],  [[7×57mm Mauser|7×57mm]]<br>[[7.65×53mm Mauser|7.65×53mm]] (Exclusive to models exported to South America)
|caliber= [[8 mm caliber|7.9 mm]], [[7.62mm caliber|7.65 mm]], [[7 mm caliber|7 mm]]
|action=[[bolt action|Bolt-action]] 
|rate= 
|velocity= {{convert|720|m/s|0|abbr=on}}
|range= 
|max_range= {{convert|1000|m|yd|abbr=on}}
|feed= 5-round internal [[Magazine (firearm)|magazine]], two-row, integral box, with quickly detachable floorplate, loaded with [[stripper clip]].
|sights= 
}}

The '''puška vz. 33'''<ref>Československé ruční palné zbraně a kulomety, Miroslav Šáda, Praha, Naše vojsko, 1971</ref> ("rifle model 1933", sometimes referred to as '''krátká puška vz. 33''' – "short rifle model 33") was a [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] [[bolt-action]] [[carbine]] that was based on a [[Mauser]]-type action, designed and produced in [[Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod|Československá zbrojovka]] in [[Brno]] during the 1930s in order to replace the obsolete [[Steyr Mannlicher|Mannlicher]] [[Steyr-Mannlicher M1895|vz. 1895]] carbines of the Czechoslovak ''četnictvo'' ([[gendarmerie]]). The manufacturer's designation was vz. 16/33 (model 16/33). Another version, the Vz. 12/33, was also produced for the Latin American market.

==Design==
The design of the Vz. 12/33 was partially based on the [[Steyr Model 1912 Mauser|Mauser Musketon M12]], produced by [[Steyr]] prior to [[World War I]]{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=112}} but this carbine was also mostly a shortened version of the standard Czechoslovak Army [[vz. 24]] rifle.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=118}} The action was a "small ring" design similar to that found on the German [[Gewehr 98#Karabiner 98a|Karabiner 98AZ]] issued during World War I.{{sfn|Guillou|2013|p=34}} As the name implies, the receiver ring is of slightly smaller diameter than the standard Model 98 action,{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=307}} intended to lighten the weapon at the expense of a slight reduction in action strength and safety margins. Most small-ring variants are readily distinguishable as there is no step between the ring and the left receiver wall. However, the vz. 33 has a lightened, thinner left receiver wall, so the step is present making it superficially resemble the standard, 'large ring' action. Excess metal is removed from the rear receiver bridge around the stripper clip guide, and there are other lightening cuts. The bolt is the same as that of the standard Model 98, with the exception of the bolt handle which has a different profile and a hollowed-out ball.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} The tangent rear sight of the Vz. 12/33 is graduated up to {{convert|1500|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=119}} while the Vz. 16/33 was graduated from {{convert|50|to|500|m|yd|0|abbr=on}} in {{convert|100|m|yd|0|abbr=on}} increments and with {{convert|500|to|1000|m|yd|0|abbr=on}} in {{convert|100|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Guillou|2013|p=35}}

The significant lighter weight of the vz. 33 carbine compared to the vz. 24 rifle increased [[free recoil]] and the shorter barrel increased muzzle blast and flash during firing.<ref name="Grant 61"/>

== Use ==
=== Vz. 12/33 ===
[[File:Mauser 08-34 (Vz. 12-33).jpg|thumb|A Brazilian Model 08/34 carbine.]]
The designation vz. 12/33 was probably not used outside Czechoslovakia.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=122}}
In the 1930s, many Latin American countries ordered vz. 12/33 carbines.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=112}} [[Mexico]]{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=161}} and [[Colombia]] ordered some in [[7×57mm Mauser]]. After 1952, most of the Colombian short rifles were modified in the R. FAMAGE M1952 program rebored and rechambered to fire [[.30-06 Springfield]].{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=107}} [[Ecuador]] ordered vz. 12/33s in [[7.65×53mm Mauser]] and used them during the [[Ecuadorian–Peruvian War|1941 war against Peru]].{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=128}} [[El Salvador|Salvador]] bought 5,600 carbines in 1937{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=71}} and used them until they were replaced post-WW2 by American weapons.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=130}} [[Nicaragua]] bought some vz. 12/33 carbines (mostly with Spanish markings but some with Czech markings) alongside vz. 23 short rifles.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=266}} [[Paraguay]] also fielded some vz. 12/33 during the [[Chaco War]].{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=278}}

Československá zbrojovka was contracted by the [[Brazil]]ian government to manufacture 100,500 ''Model 08/34'' short rifles with slight modifications.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=71}} (not to be confused with the [[Mauser Model 1908|Model 08/34 rifles]] made in [[Itajubá]]).{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=70}} After 1945, many ''Model 08/34'' were converted to .30–06 Springfield and designated ''Model 08/34.30''.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=71}} The Czech and Brazilian made short rifle was later rearsenaled in Itajuba as the [[Mauser Model 1908#Later variants|Mosquetão M954]], also chambered in .30-06. This upgraded short rifle incorporated a sight hood similar to the German [[Karabiner 98k]] and threaded muzzle to fire [[rifle grenade]]s.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=73}}

[[Uruguay]] ordered some vz. 37 short rifles and carbines just before the German invasion of Czechoslovakia.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=393}} The carbine model was very similar to the vz. 12/33.They were marked ''937'' and bore manufacturing markings in Czech.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=394}}

=== Vz. 33 ===
This rifle was designated vz. 16/33 by its manufacturer, while its designation in Czechoslovak service was vz. 33.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=121}}
For the Czechoslovak army, Gendarmerie and ''Finanční stráž'' (literally Finance Guard, which was a custom and border protection armed service under the command of the Czechoslovak Department of Finance) some 25,300 vz. 33 rifles were produced until 1940. Of these 20,011 were issued to the Gendarmerie and 4,300 to the Finance Guard.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=121}}

[[Peru]] ordered some ''vz. 32'' short rifles, similar to the vz. 33 with some modifications according to Peruvian requirements.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=290}}

In 1954, Czechoslovakia shipped some vz. 33 rifles to [[Guatemala]].{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=237}}

===Gewehr 33/40===
[[File:G33-40 total noBG.jpg|thumb|Gewehr 33/40]]

Production of a modified version continued under the manufacturing codes "945" in 1940 and the letters "dot" in 1941 and 1942 during the [[German occupation of Czechoslovakia]] for the ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' (German armed forces) especially for use in the ''[[Gebirgsjäger]]'' (German mountain troops).{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=225}} Although this rifle is one of the shortest of the German-used Mausers, it was designated ''Gewehr'', meaning rifle.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=412}}

Compared to the vz. 33 the Gewehr 33/40 stands out by the following features:
* Significantly shorter overall length than the [[Karabiner 98k]] (about {{convert|110|mm|in|abbr=on}} shorter){{sfn|Smith|1969|p=414}}
* Steel cupped buttplate that added 5&nbsp;mm overall length and a protective metal plate on the left side of the [[Stock (firearm)|gunstock]], against damage by the metal shoe nails of [[mountaineering boot]]s when using the weapon as a climbing tool or hiking stick.<ref name="Grant 61">{{cite book|title=Mauser Military Rifles|series=Weapon 39|first=Neil |last=Grant|date=20 Mar 2015 |isbn=9781472805942 |publisher=Osprey Publishing|pages=61–62}}</ref>
* Reduced measures for weight reduction (receiver, cutouts - outwardly invisible,{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=412}} no hollowed out bolt handle ball, modified magazine box and trigger guard)
* Continuous wooden hand guard protection to avoid burns when the gun gets hot from extensive firing
* Modified tangent sight graduated from {{convert|100|to|1000|m|yd|0|abbr=on}} in {{convert|100|m|yd|0|abbr=on}} increments{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}
* Modified upper ring{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}
* German-type bayonet mounting{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}
* German-type removable hooded front sight protection{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=223}}
* German-type [[sling (firearms)|sling]] attachment with shaft opening and metal disc inlay in the stock that functions as a bolt disassembly tool as in the Karabiner 98k{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

Markings are of the German type, with code letters on the receiver ring in place of the Czech rampant lion.{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=225}} German soldiers used the carbines in harsh mountainous conditions throughout World War 2 and often complained regarding the heavy recoil.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=412}}

From 1940 until 1942 another 120,000 to 131,503 of the Gewehr 33/40 variant were produced for the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German army]]: 29,000 to 40,000 Gewehr 33/40 were produced in 1940, 35,000 to 48,049 Gewehr 33/40 were produced in 1941 and 45,000 to 54,454 Gewehr 33/40 were produced in 1942.<ref name="fronta.cz">{{cite web|url=http://www.fronta.cz/dotaz/g33-40|language=cs|title=G33/40|website=fronta.cz}}</ref>{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=121}} The German armed forces also used the rifles previously issued to the Czechoslovak military, also under designation Gewehr 33/40.<ref name="Grant 61"/>
A few prototypes of G 33/40 with wooden folding [[stock (firearm)|stock]]s were also produced for the [[Fallschirmjäger|German paratroopers]], these are not included in the totals as this variant never went into serial production.<ref name="fronta.cz"/>

During 1942 the Gewehr 33/40 production ceased when the Československá zbrojovka factory was converted to produce German-designed Karabiner 98k standard service rifles.<ref name="Grant 61"/>

After World War 2 captured Gewehr 33/40 were used by the [[Norwegian Police Service|Norwegian police]]. Besides the original German markings Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk marked "POLITI" (which translates to "police" in Norwegian), the Norwegian national coat of arms and new serial number in a separate Norwegian police series on left side of the receiver ring.<ref name="Norway">{{cite web|url=http://www.kvf.no/vaapen.php?type=Rifle&weaponid=RIF0260|title= Karabin – G33/40|website=kvf.no}}</ref>

==Variants==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2019}}
The Germans also produced a small amount of prototype and pre-production test batch of the g33/40 equipped with the [[ZF41|ZF-41]] sharpshooter scope. These were photographed for inclusion in the ZF-41 manual in 1942. However, the BRNO factory switched over to the Karabiner 98k in 1943. Approximately 350 to 400 scoped Gewehr 33/40 rifles were made total. As of 2013 only one has been examined and found to be a real test batch scoped rifle: it has serial number 3962C. It is a late dot 1942 production rifle. A fifth of the zf-48 alba crossing production units produced were struck from factory listings in the style of the former model, the gb 11. Recreations of this rifle using Karabiner 98k ZF-41 mounts sell for about US$5000. Of note is the recreation rifle's scope base is as the Karabiner 98k, which differs from the original g 33/40 base, and so is easy to distinguish real from reproduction. Reproduction mounts have been welded or screwed onto Gewehr 33/40 scope bases; this is incorrect both in size and construction of the original [[scope mount|scope base mounts]]. The real mount places the ZF-41 scope in a very specific location on the rifle; re-creations are either too far forward or too far back from the original. The original rifles with ZF-41 scopes have their stock and handguard specifically cut and fitted for the ZF-41 scope and mount combination. The scopes are outfitted automatically with a f-range from 2 to 11.

== Users ==
* {{flag|Brazil}}: Model 1908/34 (Vz. 12/33),{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=122}} Model 1908/34.30 and M954{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=71}}
* {{flag|Colombia}}: Vz. 12/33{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=107}}
* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}: Vz. 33{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=124}}
* {{flag|Ecuador}}: Vz. 12/33{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=128}}
* {{flag|El Salvador}}: Musketon (Vz. 12/33){{sfn|Ball|2011|p=123}}
* {{flag|Nazi Germany}}: Gewehr 33/40{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=223}}
* {{flag|Guatemala}}: Vz. 33{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=238}}
* {{flag|Mexico}}: Vz. 12/33{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=161}}
* {{flag|Nicaragua}}: Vz. 12/33{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=266}}
* {{flag|Norway}}: Gewehr 33/40<ref name="Norway"/>
* {{flag|Paraguay}}: Vz. 12/33{{sfn|Ball|2011|p=278}}
* {{flag|Peru}}: Vz. 32 short rifles (similar to the Vz. 16/33){{sfn|Ball|2011|p=290}}
* {{flag|Uruguay}}: Vz. 37 ("937") carbines (similar to the Vz. 12/33){{sfn|Ball|2011|p=394}}

==See also==
*[[vz. 24]] rifle

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

;Bibliography
* {{cite book|last=Ball|first=Robert W. D.|title=Mauser Military Rifles of the World|year=2011|location=Iola|publisher=Gun Digest Books|isbn=9781440228926}}
* {{cite magazine|title=La carabine tchécoslovaque VZ 24|url=http://fr.1001mags.com/parution/gazette-des-armes/numero-457-octobre-2013/page-32-33-texte-integral|magazine=[[Gazette des armes]]|issue=457 |date=October 2013|last=Guillou|first=Luc|pages=32–36|language=fr}}
* {{cite journal|first=Ing. D. |last=Řehák |title=Československé armádní pušky vz. 24 a 33|journal= Střelecká revue|issue= 9|volume=2000|language=cs}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Joseph E.|title=Small Arms of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld00smit|url-access=registration|edition =11|location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|publisher= The Stackpole Company|year=1969|isbn=9780811715669 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Vz. 33 and G33/40}}

{{Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod}}
{{Weapons of Czechoslovakia}}

[[Category:7.92×57mm Mauser rifles]]
[[Category:Bolt-action rifles]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons]]
[[Category:Rifles of Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of Germany]]
[[Category:Mauser rifles]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1933]]