Brontekst bekijken van MG 81 machine gun

{{More citations needed|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name=MG 81
|image=MG 81.jpg
|caption=MG 81 (upper) and MG 81Z (in box)
|origin= [[Nazi Germany]]
|type=[[Machine gun]]
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|is_ranged=yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service=
|used_by=[[Nazi Germany]]
|wars=[[World War II]]
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=
|design_date=
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost=
|production_date=
|number=
|variants=MG 81Z
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight={{convert|6.5|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}}
|length={{convert|965|mm|in|abbr=on}} (with flash hider)
|part_length={{convert|475|mm|in|abbr=on}}
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=[[7.92×57mm Mauser]]<br/> [[7.62×51mm NATO]] (post-war)
|caliber=7,9 (7,92<small>+0,04</small>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutscheluftwaffe.com/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/m/Maschinen%20Gewehre/MG%2081/mg%2081%20z%20maschinen%20gewehr.html |title=Maschinengewehr MG 81 MG 81 Z |page=9 |website=www.deutscheluftwaffe.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129182203/http://www.deutscheluftwaffe.com/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/m/Maschinen%20Gewehre/MG%2081/mg%2081%20z%20maschinen%20gewehr.html |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|action=Recoil-operated, gas assisted, [[open-bolt]]
|rate=1,400–1,600 rounds/min
|velocity={{convert|705|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} (sS ball ammunition)
|range=
|max_range=
|feed=Belt-fed
|sights=
}}

The '''MG 81''' is a German belt fed [[7.92×57mm Mauser]] [[machine gun]] which was used in flexible installations in [[World War II]] [[Luftwaffe]] [[aircraft]], in which capacity it replaced the older drum magazine-fed [[MG 15]].

The MG 81 was developed by [[Mauser]] as a derivative of their successful [[MG 34]] [[general-purpose machine gun]]. Development focus was to reduce production cost and time and to optimize the machine gun for use in aircraft. Developed in 1938/1939, it was in production from 1940 to 1945.

==Variants==

A special twin-mount MG 81Z (the '''Z''' suffix stands for ''Zwilling'', meaning "twin") was introduced in 1942. It paired up two of the weapons on one mount to provide even more firepower with a maximum cyclic rate of fire of 3,200 rounds per minute without requiring much more space than a standard machine gun.
Towards the end of the war many specimens were delivered to the army and equipped for use in ground battles with shoulder rest and bipod.
[[File:MG 81 Z from German Manual, 1944.png|thumb|A German twin-mount MG 81 Z aircraft MG - view from the Luftwaffe manual, 1944.]]

After [[West Germany]]'s entry into [[NATO]] in May 1955, Mauser offered the MG 81 chambered in [[7.62×51mm NATO]]. The twin-barrel MG 81Z was marketed for helicopter fixed mount with theoretical firepower of 6,800–7,000 rounds per minute for a MG 81Z mounted on each side of the helicopter. The MG 81 was also marketed for infantry use with bipod, wood buttstock, and reduced fire rate of 1,200 rounds per minute.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Hobart|editor-first=F. W. A.|title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 1975 (First Year of Issue)|url=https://archive.org/details/janesinfantrywea0000unse_o0m0|url-access=registration|location=London, UK|publisher= Jane's Yearbooks|year=1974|page=389-390}}</ref>

==Applications==
The MG 81Z was found in many unique installations in Luftwaffe combat aircraft, such as a pair of MG 81Z (for a total of four guns) installed in the hollow tail cone of the [[Dornier Do 217]] K-2. Designated R19 (R for [[Rüstsatz]]) as a factory designed field conversion/upgrade kit, it allowed the pilot of the Do 217 to shoot at pursuers.

Another application was the ''Gießkanne'' (Watering can), an [[Gun pod|externally mounted pod]] with three gun pairs, making a total of six guns and their ammunition. Able to fire at a cyclic rate of 9,000 rounds per minute, this was attached to [[Junkers Ju 87]] or [[Junkers Ju 88|Ju 88]] in an underwing mount and used to strafe ground targets.<ref name="Rottman2013">{{cite book|author=Gordon L Rottman|title=SNAFU Situation Normal All F***ed Up: Sailor, Airman, and Soldier Slang of World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CcWcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA256|date=20 October 2013|publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-78200-175-1 |page=256}}</ref>

==Specifications==
;MG 81
* Weight: {{convert|6.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
* Length: {{convert|915|mm|in|abbr=on}}  ({{convert|965|mm|in|abbr=on}} with flash hider)
* Muzzle velocity: {{convert|705|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} (sS ball ammunition), {{convert|755|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}, {{convert|785|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} or {{convert|790|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}, depending on ammo type
* Rate of fire: 1,400–1,600 rpm (sS ball ammunition)
* Rate of fire: 1,700–1,800 rpm<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutscheluftwaffe.com/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/m/Maschinen%20Gewehre/MG%2081/mg%2081%20z%20maschinen%20gewehr.html |title=Maschinengewehr MG 81 MG 81 Z |website=www.deutscheluftwaffe.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129182203/http://www.deutscheluftwaffe.com/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/m/Maschinen%20Gewehre/MG%2081/mg%2081%20z%20maschinen%20gewehr.html |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Rate of fire: 800 rpm (coaxial mount)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutscheluftwaffe.com/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/m/Maschinen%20Gewehre/MG%2081/mg%2081%20z%20maschinen%20gewehr.html |title=Maschinengewehr MG 81 MG 81 Z |website=www.deutscheluftwaffe.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129182203/http://www.deutscheluftwaffe.com/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/m/Maschinen%20Gewehre/MG%2081/mg%2081%20z%20maschinen%20gewehr.html |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

;MG 81Z
* Weight: 12.9&nbsp;kg (28.44 lb)
* Length: 915&nbsp;mm (965& mm with flash hider)
* Muzzle velocity:  {{convert|705|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} (sS ball ammunition), {{convert|755|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}, {{convert|785|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} or {{convert|790|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}, depending on ammo type
* Rate of fire: 2,800–3,200 rpm (sS ball ammunition)
* Rate of fire: 3,400–3,600 rpm<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutscheluftwaffe.com/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/m/Maschinen%20Gewehre/MG%2081/mg%2081%20z%20maschinen%20gewehr.html |title=Maschinengewehr MG 81 MG 81 Z |website=www.deutscheluftwaffe.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129182203/http://www.deutscheluftwaffe.com/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/m/Maschinen%20Gewehre/MG%2081/mg%2081%20z%20maschinen%20gewehr.html |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[ShKAS]]
* [[Vickers K machine gun]]
* [[List of firearms]]
* [[List of secondary and special-issue World War II infantry weapons]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category| MG 81}}
* [http://www.airwar.ru/weapon/guns/mg-81.html Airwar.ru (Russian language)]
* [http://www.luftwaffe39-45.historia.nom.br/mg81.htm Luftwaffe39-45 (Portuguese language)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731075055/http://www.luftwaffe39-45.historia.nom.br/mg81.htm |date=31 July 2019 }}
* [https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/66/1516/krieghoff-heinrich-gun-co-mg81-machine-gun-792-mm-mauser Full size images for the MG81]
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{WWIIGermanAerialWeapons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mg 81 Machine Gun}}
[[Category:7.92×57mm Mauser machine guns]]
[[Category:7.62×51mm NATO machine guns]]
[[Category:Aircraft guns|MG 017 machine gun]]
[[Category:Machine guns of Germany]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of Germany]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1940]]