Brontekst bekijken van HMS Bermuda (52)

{{Infobox marineschip
| landvlagmarine    = Engeland
| naam              =HMS Bermuda
| afbeelding        =HMS Bermuda.jpg
| kiellegging       =
| tewaterlating     =
| indienst          =
| uitdienst         =
| waterverplaatsing =
| afmetingen        =
| machinevermogen   =
| snelheid          =
| bemanning         =
| bewapening        =
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=(as built)
|Ship class={{Sclass|Fiji|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|8631|LT|t|lk=on}} ([[Displacement (ship)#Standard displacement|standard]])
|Ship length={{convert|555|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|62|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|19|ft|10|in|m|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*4 [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s
*{{cvt|80000|shp|lk=on}}
|Ship propulsion=4 shafts; 4 geared [[steam turbine]] sets
|Ship speed={{convert|32.25|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|6250|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|13|kn}}
|Ship complement=733 (peacetime), 900 (wartime)
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*4 × triple [[BL 6 inch Mk XXIII naval gun|6&nbsp;in (152&nbsp;mm) guns]]
*4 × twin [[QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun|4&nbsp;in (102&nbsp;mm)]] [[Dual-purpose gun|DP gun]]s
*2 × quadruple [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pdr ({{cvt|40|mm|1}})]] [[AA gun]]s
*10 × single [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|{{cvt|20|mm|1}} Oerlikon]] AA guns
*2 × triple [[British 21 inch torpedo|21&nbsp;in (533&nbsp;mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship armour=*[[Engine room|Engine and boiler rooms]]: {{convert|3.25|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]s: {{convert|2|-|3.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Magazine (artillery)|Magazine]]s: {{convert|2|-|3.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Gun turret]]s: {{convert|1|-|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship aircraft=2 × [[seaplanes]]
|Ship aircraft facilities=1 × [[aircraft catapult|catapult]], 2 × [[hangar]]s
|Ship notes=
}}
*4 [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Admiralty_3-drum_boiler&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 Admiralty 3-drum boilers]
*80,000&nbsp;[https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Horsepower&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 shp] (60,000&nbsp;[https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Kilowatt&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 kW])

Propulsion4 shafts; 4 geared [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Steam_turbine&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 steam turbine] sets
Speed32.25 [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Knot_(unit)&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 knots] (59.73 km/h; 37.11 mph)
Range6,250 [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Nautical_mile&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 nmi] (11,580 km; 7,190 mi) at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
Complement733 (peacetime), 900 (wartime)
Armament
*4 × triple [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=BL_6_inch_Mk_XXIII_naval_gun&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 6 in (152 mm) guns]
*4 × twin [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=QF_4_inch_Mk_XVI_naval_gun&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 4 in (102 mm)] [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Dual-purpose_gun&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 DP guns]
*2 × quadruple [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=QF_2_pounder_naval_gun&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 2-pdr (40 mm (1.6 in))] [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=AA_gun&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 AA guns]
*10 × single [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 20 mm (0.8 in) Oerlikon] AA guns
*2 × triple [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=British_21_inch_torpedo&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 21 in (533 mm)] [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Torpedo_tube&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 torpedo tubes]

Armour
*[https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Engine_room&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 Engine and boiler rooms]: 3.25&nbsp;in (83&nbsp;mm)
*[https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Deck_(ship)&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 Decks]: 2–3.5&nbsp;in (51–89&nbsp;mm)
*[https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Magazine_(artillery)&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 Magazines]: 2–3.5&nbsp;in (51–89&nbsp;mm)
*[https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Gun_turret&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 Gun turrets]: 1–2&nbsp;in (25–51&nbsp;mm)

Aircraft carried2 × [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Seaplanes&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 seaplanes]
Aviation facilities1 × [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Aircraft_catapult&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 catapult], 2 × [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Hangar&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 hangars]
{| {{Infobox ship begin}}
|}
'''HMS ''Bermuda''''' ([[pennant number]] 52, later C52) was a {{sclass|Fiji|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]] of the [[Royal Navy]]. She was completed during [[World War II]] and served in that conflict. She was named for the British territory of [[Bermuda]], and was the [[HMS Bermuda|eighth vessel]] of that name.

''Bermuda'' was built by [[John Brown & Company]] of [[Clydebank]] and launched on 11 September 1941. In the same year, the lead ship of the class, {{HMS|Fiji|C58|2}}, was sunk while participating in the [[Battle of Crete|evacuation of Crete]].

== War service ==
[[File:HMS Bermuda aircraft.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[Supermarine Walrus]] amphibian airplane being launched from the catapult deck of ''Bermuda''. The aircraft has just left the catapult.]]A [https://wiki-raamsdonk.nl/index.php?title=Supermarine_Walrus&action=tinymceedit&redlink=1 Supermarine Walrus] amphibian airplane being launched from the catapult deck of ''Bermuda''. The aircraft has just left the catapult.
Through 1942, ''Bermuda'' participated in the [[World War II#Deadlock: 1942|North Africa campaign]], including [[Operation Torch]], as part of the 10th Cruiser Squadron. With the cruiser {{HMS|Sheffield|C24|2}}, she was detached from [[Force H]] to attack a small coastal fort, where both came under attack from Italian torpedo bombers. She covered the landing at [[Béjaïa|Bougie]] and managed to escape heavy air attacks unscathed. ''Bermuda'' then returned to service in the [[Battle of the Atlantic|Atlantic]] to escort ships in the [[Bay of Biscay]], and in June 1943, she transported men and supplies to [[Spitsbergen]]. She then participated in anti-submarine operations against German [[U-boat]]s operating in the Bay of Biscay, and the North Atlantic. After more service in the Arctic, she returned to [[Glasgow]] in June 1944 for a refit.  <ref>Last of the Colony cruisers ''[[Ships Monthly]]'' March 2016 pages 38-41</ref>  

The refit removed her 'X' turret and in May 1945 she was then dispatched to the Pacific as the war in Europe was ending. She arrived in [[Fremantle Harbour|Fremantle]] on 1 July to take on fuel and stores, before continuing on to [[Port Jackson|Sydney]], where she arrived on 7 July. There she undertook exercises with other Royal Navy ships serving in the Far East, including the [[battleship]] {{HMS|Anson|79|2}}. Whilst in Sydney, news reached them of the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] and the subsequent [[surrender of Japan]]. ''Bermuda'' then sailed for the [[Philippines]], arriving on 23 August. She then became part of an operation to recover allied [[prisoners of war]] from the previously occupied Japanese territories.

On 6 September ''Bermuda'' was attacked by Japanese aircraft, apparently unaware of the end of the war, or otherwise unwilling to surrender. ''Bermuda'' fought off the attack and was able to continue on her way. She then transported allied prisoners of war to [[Shanghai]] for repatriation.

== Post-war ==
[[File:HMS Bermuda (C52) underway in the North Atlantic 1961.jpg|thumb|left|''Bermuda'' operating with the US [[aircraft carrier]] {{USS|Essex|CV-9|6}} in the North Atlantic, 1961]]''Bermuda'' remained in the Far East as the flagship of the 5th Cruiser Squadron, under the command of [[Clarence Howard-Johnston]], until 1947, when she returned to the UK for a refit at [[Chatham Dockyard]]. She was then placed in reserve. In 1950 she was restored to active service, and served in the South Atlantic as the flagship of the Commander in Chief, [[South Atlantic Station]] until 1953. Vice Admiral [[Peveril William-Powlett]] was Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic from 1952–1954. She then served with the Mediterranean Fleet. In 1953, she and her [[sister ship|sister]] {{HMS|Gambia|48|2}} brought aid to the Greek island of [[Zakynthos]] when it was struck by the [[1953 Ionian earthquake|Ionian earthquake]]. Greek officials would later comment, "we Greeks have a long-standing tradition with the Royal Navy and it lived up to every expectation in its infallible tradition of always being the first to help."  <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/articles/2003/0310/0003100601.asp |title=Navy News|access-date=22 October 2007 |archive-date=11 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611053815/http://www.navynews.co.uk/articles/2003/0310/0003100601.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>  

In 1956 ''Bermuda'' was paid-off and towed up to Palmer's at [[Hebburn]] to undergo a long refit. She was updated largely on the same pattern as HMS ''Gambia'' with an enclosed bridge, and US supplied Mk 63 directors for the 4-inch twin gun mounts,  <ref>Friedman, p. 287</ref>  but appears to have maintained simple tacymetric fire control for new Twin Mk 5 40-mm mounts, which were repositioned for better arcs of fire. She returned to service, and spent the next few years in exercises with other [[NATO]] navies, or other Royal Navy units. In April 1958, she left [[Grand Harbour|Malta]] to assist in the reinforcement of [[Cyprus]] during a period of civil unrest.  <ref>Roberts J (2009) ''Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy'', [[Seaforth Publishing]] Barnsley England, 352pp {{ISBN|978-1-84832-043-7}}</ref>  ''Bermuda'' attended the [[Independence Day (Nigeria)|Ceremony of independence of Nigeria]] on 1 October 1960, before joining the [[Mediterranean Fleet]], relieving the cruiser {{HMS|Tiger|C20|2}}.  <ref>{{cite news|title=H.M.S. Bermuda was present at the birth of a nation|newspaper=[[Navy News]]| date=January 1961|page=6 |url= https://issuu.com/navynews/docs/196101 |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>  

''Bermuda'' was decommissioned in 1962, after 21 years in service. She was scrapped by [[Thos W Ward]], [[Briton Ferry]], [[Wales]] starting on 26 August 1965. The ship's bell now hangs in the Royal Naval Association Club in [[West Bromwich]], a British town which had adopted ''Bermuda'' in 1942.  <ref>[http://www.hmsgangestoterror.org/hms-bermuda-1939-65-intro.htm Article title] {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>  

== Bermuda ==
HMS ''Bermuda'' made several visits to her namesake, where she was presented with a number of silver objects, including a large bell — which was occasionally used as a font for Holy Water in the baptism of children of the crew — and four bugles. Two of the bugles later found their way to the [[Bermuda Regiment]]. Apart from the bell and the bugles, which were collected together by the Bermuda Maritime Museum at the former [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda|Bermuda Dockyard]], the other items went missing following the ship's decommissioning.

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite book|first=D. K. |last=Brown |first2=George |last2=Moore |title=Rebuilding the Royal Navy: Warship Design Since 1945|location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=[[Naval Institute Press]]|date=2003 |ISBN=1-59114-705-0|name-list-style=amp |author1-link=David K Brown}}
* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau |editor1-first=Roger |publisher=Mayflower Books|location=New York|year=1980|isbn=0-8317-0303-2 |chapter=Great Britain |last1=Campbell |first1=N.J.M.|pages=2–85}}
* {{cite book|last1=Colledge|first1=J. J.|authorlink1=J. J. Colledge|last2=Wardlow|first2=Ben|last3=Bush |first3=Steve |title=Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present|year=2020|publisher=[[Seaforth Publishing]]|location=Barnsley, England|isbn=978-1-5267-9327-0|name-list-style=amp|edition=5th}}
* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After|year=2010|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, England|isbn=978-1-59114-078-8 |author-link=Norman Friedman}}
* {{cite book|first=David |last=Murfin |chapter=AA to AA: The Fijis Turn Full Circle |editor1-first=John|editor1-last= Jordan |title=Warship 2010 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-84486-110-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Raven|first1=Alan|last2=Roberts|first2=John|title=British Cruisers of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1980|isbn=0-87021-922-7|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2 |author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]]|location=London|year=1995|isbn=1-86019-874-0|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.world-war.co.uk/index.php3 WWII cruisers]
*[http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4035.html HMS ''Bermuda'' at Uboat.net]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20091212143341/http://www.hmsgangestoterror.org/HMSBermuda.htm HMS ''Bermuda'' – A comprehensive story of the ''Bermuda'', including personal stories and photographs]}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040920014330/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=2389 HMS ''Bermuda'' (Clydebuilt Ships Database)]
*'''Last''' pictures of HMS ''Bermuda'' at [[Thos W Ward]]'s breakers yard Briton ferry Neath 1960s. Her masts have been removed to enable her under the Briton Ferry river bridge and her final leg to the wharf. Can be found at the following link. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927073231/http://www.britonferry2007gallery.com/wardsbreakeryard.htm HMS BERMUDA C52]
Pictures of the Scrapping:
* [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429681918_10160099802195036_3904710019351506648_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=YNWzLQ-pZp4AX_t81dw&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfCtqfgXfNhiYLzyvE8mlbjgZDEWdVUH6ASOr3eWo-2VAQ&oe=65E0155B] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429920460_10160099802175036_8746101654690957358_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=Miaq14uSvUQAX9gcrFK&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfDrcapl2CFxXEANg45jfPbpPvDIin1pofqpBqlZpLrzvA&oe=65E09853] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429648073_10160099802230036_2795839378615689447_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=EtWmPf2WoWgAX8rQFL1&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfCttoNVZ1E0Y5OVrlw0JuSr3_es3QnFAOSdTPNs8e2zsA&oe=65DEEE5B] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429919069_10160099802540036_3245686563279924952_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=b6SBfYcOWkwAX9cqmRF&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfD0qkY7cDHcZk1HVUhqAkYNkj-70syhmVDGu0hB_Anaiw&oe=65DF26E2]
Ulsan Ship Breaking Yard, 1986 ULCC Globtik Tokyo; ULCC Bellamya
* [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/428405240_10160089105365036_5663035303607583329_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=eYn4azmhRAwAX_K9jvH&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfASwGsyIuZqhrztuLHeQ-E9PBoLpZmUNGuEucMKYn10sg&oe=65E0D0AA] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/428412084_10160089110160036_4575860837030359263_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=TfIGoOT7i8oAX-SVLAo&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfASQg9rwSS2MSu9Jim7SQGaPqqxLSv5j33ImY0kreW-dw&oe=65DFC991] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429688168_10160099802610036_5809935727486009838_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=a7SSiSwOTUMAX_zbR6i&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfD_fXnMG1bQQ2rRG3Lh0fG11bct7yLAM8UarS-5fb7lqg&oe=65DF2444] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429916451_10160099802595036_2878677229152627782_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=V8JZPVfwdL0AX_7HaVB&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfAzPc9oKNA_5mbCy7RFRgQyLvSqhonm5ah_rMRjvaRUxw&oe=65DF80DD] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429944937_10160099802080036_7079415036304211968_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=Dx6sVHKW3C8AX8K-6w3&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfCelch4ceiRv_wW578Ch5ZYPKgxxxS-q-tsJwzydncq-w&oe=65DFF685] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429658063_10160099802800036_5840464321397897093_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=ZnUYnLcBoLMAX_i8ez0&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfC8bM7mdh2kNdVIoueRqSe5gZEdTSpdFxi27dWfD-tJyw&oe=65E07783] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429681962_10160099802850036_2329242184315252409_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=102cKpbceUYAX9sK--H&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfDUbrZn-bHfRttnEsNG8bBoEMMxj_pxeVZzb1OPFtcZ0g&oe=65E03CCD] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429679339_10160099802870036_7721698349052686764_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=FrLls2YdjzcAX_Nc92G&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfAtGEEtJALz3cS6eiyEDMogCHTtGadFb8TsfI-BYpyYBQ&oe=65DFD7E0] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429676457_10160099802045036_4570471692745989653_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=BiYVbHmzcQgAX8x-y02&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfC8gw9M1ikY5GhpM4M9Vf_MCKSqqnUvyS-6C-ZIdIj5AA&oe=65E0E70C] [https://scontent-muc2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/429640251_10160099802130036_3986576609357483552_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=c42490&_nc_ohc=wmUc_R41w_QAX8uxAf3&_nc_ht=scontent-muc2-1.xx&oh=00_AfA5L4852IArc5vUOp3QM3TKfFSLDICzs48__8qke52HJQ&oe=65DFDACC]
{{Crown Colony class cruiser}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bermuda (52)}}
[[Category:Crown Colony-class cruisers of the Royal Navy]][[Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]][[Category:1941 ships]][[Category:World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom]][[Category:Military of Bermuda]]