Brontekst bekijken van Brigadier (United Kingdom)

{{short description|Military rank of the United Kingdom}}
{{for|other countries' use of this rank|brigadier|brigadier general}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox military rank
| name           = Brigadier
| image          = {{nobreak|[[File:British Army (1928-1953) OF-6.svg]] [[File:British Royal Marines OF-6.svg]]}}
| image_size     = 
| alt            =
| caption        = Brigadier rank insignia
| image2         = 
| image_size2    = 
| alt2           =
| caption2       = 
| image3         = 
| image_size3    = 
| alt3           =
| caption3       = 
| country        = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| service branch = {{army|United Kingdom}}<br />{{Marines|United Kingdom}}
| abbreviation   = Brig
| rank group     = [[Field officer]]
| rank           = [[One-star rank|One-star]] 
| NATO rank      = [[Ranks and insignia of NATO armies officers#Officers (OF 1–10)|OF-6]]
| Non-NATO rank  = 
| pay grade      = 
| formation      = {{circa|1685–1688}}
| abolished      = 
| higher rank    = [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major-general]]
| lower rank     = [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]]
| equivalents    = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Commodore (Royal Navy)|Commodore]] ([[Royal Navy|RN]])}}|[[Air commodore]] ([[Royal Air Force|RAF]])}}
| history        = 
}}

'''Brigadier''' ('''Brig''') is a senior rank in the [[British Army]] and the [[Royal Marines]]. Brigadier is the superior rank to [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|colonel]], and subordinate to [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|major-general]]. It corresponds to the rank of [[brigadier general]] in many other nations.

The rank has a [[NATO]] rank code of [[One-star rank|OF-6]], placing it equivalent to the [[Royal Navy]] [[Commodore (Royal Navy)|commodore]] and the [[Royal Air Force]] [[air commodore]] ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and [[Ranks and insignia of NATO armies officers|numerous other NATO nations]].

==Insignia==
The rank insignia for a brigadier is a [[St Edward's Crown]] over three "pips" ([[Order of the Bath|"Bath"]] stars). The rank insignia for a brigadier-general was crossed sword and baton.

==Usage==
Brigadier was originally an appointment conferred on colonels (as commodore was an appointment conferred on naval captains) rather than a substantive rank.<ref name="Times" /> However, from 1 November 1947 it became a substantive rank in the British Army.<ref>"Rank of Brigadier", ''[[The Times]]'', 24 March 1948</ref> The Royal Marines, however, retained it as an acting rank until 1997, when both commodore and brigadier became substantive ranks.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120723162226/http://www.debretts.co.uk/forms-of-address/professions/armed-forces/royal-navy/royal-marines.aspx Debrett's]</ref>

==Historical rank of brigadier-general<!--'Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)' redirects here-->==
[[File:British Army (1920-1922) OF-6.svg|75px|thumb|right|Rank insignia (until 1921)]]
Brigadier-general was formerly a rank or appointment in the [[British Army]] and [[Royal Marines]], and briefly in the [[Royal Air Force]]. It first appeared in the army in the reign of [[James II of England|James II]],<ref>{{cite book| author = John J. McGrath | title = The Brigade: A History, Its Organization and Employment in the US Army| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrLJj-iTlAC&pg=PA8| access-date = 2010-06-19| year = 2009| publisher = DIANE Publishing| isbn = 978-1-4289-1022-5 |page=8}}</ref> but did not exist in the Royal Marines until 1913.<ref>[http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/LondonGazette/RM_Officers_Promotion.html Senior RM Officers - Promotion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810121719/http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/LondonGazette/RM_Officers_Promotion.html |date=10 August 2017 }}, London Gazette</ref> In the 1740s, the substantive rank of brigadier-general was suppressed,<ref>{{cite book| last = Beatson| first = Robert| title = A Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain and Ireland: Or, A Complete Register of the Hereditary Honours, Public Offices, and Persons in Office, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time| url = https://archive.org/details/apoliticalindex04beatgoog| year = 1788| publisher = G. G. J. & J. Robinson| page = [https://archive.org/details/apoliticalindex04beatgoog/page/n404 387] }}</ref> and thereafter brigadier-general was a temporary appointment only, bestowed on a colonel or lieutenant-colonel (or on a colonel commandant in the Royal Marines) for the duration of a specific command (similar to a [[Commodore (RN)|commodore]]).

The appointment was abolished in both the Army and the Marines in 1921, being replaced in the Army by the appointments of [[colonel-commandant]] (which already existed as a rank in the Marines) and [[colonel on the staff]]. These appointments, although reflecting its modern role in the British Army as a [[senior colonel]] rather than a junior general, were not well received and were both replaced with brigadier in both the Army and the Marines (although not replacing the substantive rank of colonel commandant in the latter) in 1928.<ref name="Times">"New Army Rank of Brigadier", ''[[The Times]]'', 23 December 1927</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW2aaRN-PayTables16-17Officers.jpg |title=World War II RN Pay Tables |access-date=2010-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Scribbles |url=http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/App-Navy_List-Jun_1957/Officers_Pay.html |title=Pay and Allowances of Officers - RN, RM, WRNS, QARNNS and VAD |date=April 1956 |publisher=Pbenyon.plus.com |access-date=2010-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122160050/http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/App-Navy_List-Jun_1957/Officers_Pay.html |archive-date=22 November 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> From the formation of the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918 until 31 July 1919, it used the appointment of brigadier-general. This was superseded by the rank of [[air commodore]] on the following day.

The rank insignia for appointment of the brigadier-general was a crossed sword and baton; the insignia for higher grades of general consist of this device, with the addition of a star (major general), crown (lieutenant general), or both ("full" general).

Brigadier is the highest [[field officer]] rank (hence the absence of the word "general"), whereas brigadier-general was the lowest [[general officer]] "rank". However, the two ranks are considered equal.

==Junior officer rank==
Historically, brigadier and sub-brigadier were the junior officer ranks in the [[Troops of Horse Guards]]. This corresponded to French practice, where a [[brigadier]] was the cavalry equivalent of a [[corporal]]. To reflect the status of the Horse Guards as [[Household Troops]], brigadiers ranked with [[lieutenant (British Army)|lieutenant]]s and sub-brigadiers with [[cornet (rank)|cornet]]s in other cavalry regiments. When the Horse Guards were disbanded in 1788, the brigadiers and sub-brigadiers of the [[1st Troop of Horse Guards|1st]] and [[2nd Troop of Horse Guards|2nd Troops]] became lieutenants and cornets in the [[1st Regiment of Life Guards|1st]] and [[2nd Regiment of Life Guards|2nd Regiments of Life Guards]], respectively.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=13005|page=325|date=5–8 July 1788}}</ref>

Brigadier remains the lowest officer rank in the [[Royal Company of Archers]], the King's Bodyguard for Scotland. There are twelve brigadiers on the establishment, ranking after [[ensign (rank)|ensign]]s.<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/RoyalEventsandCeremonies/Ceremonialbodies/RoyalCompanyofArchers.aspx Royal Company of Archers], royal.gov.uk. Accessed 1 July 2012 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616181613/http://www.royal.gov.uk/RoyalEventsandCeremonies/Ceremonialbodies/RoyalCompanyofArchers.aspx |date=16 June 2012 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|United Kingdom}}}}
*[[British and U.S. military ranks compared]]
*[[British Army other ranks rank insignia]]
*[[British Army officer rank insignia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/our-people/ranks/ Army Ranks] - British Army website

{{UK officer ranks}}

[[Category:One-star officers]]
[[Category:Military ranks of the British Army]]
[[Category:Military ranks of the Royal Marines]]
[[Category:Military appointments of the British Army]]
[[Category:Military appointments of the Royal Marines]]
[[Category:Royal Marines brigadiers| ]]
[[Category:British Army brigadiers| ]]