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{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name=''Panzerbüchse'' 39
| image= Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-292-1262-07, Nordfrankreich, Soldat mit Panzerbüchse.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption=A ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' soldier with PzB 39 in Northern France
|origin=Nazi Germany
|type=[[Anti-tank rifle]]

|is_ranged=yes

|service=1939–1945
|used_by=[[Nazi Germany]]
|wars=[[World War II]]

|designer=B. Brauer
|design_date=1939
|manufacturer=[[Simson (company)#1934–48|Gustloff Werke]]
|unit_cost=
|production_date=1938–1941
|number=1408 (PzB 38)<br>
39 232 (PzB 39)
|variants=Granatbüchse 39

|spec_label=
|weight={{convert|16.2|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}} (PzB 38)<br>{{convert|12.6|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}} (PzB 39)
|length={{convert|1620|/|1280|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (folded for transport)
|part_length= {{convert|1085|mm|abbr=on|1}}
|width=
|height=

|cartridge=[[7.92x94mm Patronen]]
|caliber=7.92 mm
|action=[[Falling-block action]]
|rate=10 rounds/min (practical rate)
|velocity=1210 m/s<ref name="Bishop">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MuGsf0psjvcC&q=%22MG+141%22+%227.92%22&pg=PA209 |title=The encyclopedia of weapons of World War II |publisher=MetroBooks |year=2002 |isbn=1-58663-762-2 |editor-last=Bishop |editor-first=Chris |location=New York |page=209 |access-date=17 February 2011}}</ref> 
|range={{convert|300|m|yd|abbr=on}} (for penetration of 25 mm armor)<ref name="Bishop" />
|max_range=
|feed=Single shot
|sights=Hooded front post, rear "V" notch
}}

The '''''Panzerbüchse'' 39''', abbreviated '''PzB 39''', (German: "tank hunting rifle model 39") was a [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[anti-tank rifle]] used in [[World War II]]. It was an improvement of the '''''Panzerbüchse'' 38''' ('''PzB 38''') rifle.

==Development==
===PzB 38===
German anti-tank rifles originated back in 1917 with the [[Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr]], the world's first anti-tank rifle, using a special [[13.2×92mmSR|13.2 mm (0.52 in) cartridge]]. It was created in response to the appearance of [[British Heavy Tanks of World War I|the first British tanks]] on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. That single shot manually operated rifle enjoyed moderate success; approximately 15,800 rifles were built.

German development resumed in the late 1930s. In an effort to provide infantry with a man-portable lightweight anti-tank rifle, ''Dipl.-Ing.'' (certified engineer) B. Brauer at [[Simson (company)#1934–48|Gustloff Werke]] in [[Suhl]] designed the '''''Panzerbüchse'' 38''' (PzB 38). It was a manually loaded single-shot weapon with a recoiling barrel, using a special [[7.92×94mm Patronen|7.92 mm (0.311 in) cartridge]]. When fired, the barrel recoiled about {{convert|9|cm|inch|abbr=on}}, which opened the breech and ejected the spent cartridge casing. The breech block was then arrested in the rear position, remaining opened for the gunner to manually insert a new cartridge. The gunner then released the cocked breech with a lever at the grip. The breech and barrel would then move forward again and the trigger was cocked in preparation to fire. This rather complicated mechanism was reportedly prone to jamming as the system got dirty in field use.

Although manufactured with pressed steel parts that were spot-welded, because of the complicated vertical breech block mechanism it was difficult to manufacture and only a small number of 1,408 PzB 38 rifles were built in 1939 and 1940 at the ''Gustloff Werke'' plant; 62 of these weapons were used by German troops in the [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|invasion of Poland]] in 1939.

The rifle was {{convert|161.5|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} long - {{convert|129.5|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} folded for transport - and weighed {{convert|15.9|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Bishop" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Westwood|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLBTkNZ8U44C&q=PzB%2094%20mm&pg=PA337|title=Rifles: An Illustrated History of their Impact|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2005|isbn=1-85109-401-6|location=Santa Barbara, CA|page=337|access-date=17 February 2011}}</ref> It used a specifically designed [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]] with a standard caliber of 7.9 mm, but a very large 94 mm long case (nominal 7.92×94mm).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rottman|first=Gordon L.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56539905|title=German field fortifications 1939-45|date=2004|publisher=Osprey Publishing|others=Ian Palmer|isbn=978-1-84176-761-1|location=Oxford|pages=21|oclc=56539905}}</ref> also known as the "7.92 x 94 ''Patronen''".

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-283-0619-31, Russland, Deutsche Soldaten mit Panzerbüchse 39.jpg|thumb|left|Dug in soldiers with the ''Panzerbüchse'' 39 deployed on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]]]

===PzB 39===
The next development, onto which production was immediately switched, was the '''''Panzerbüchse'' 39''' (PzB 39), an improvement made by Gustloff on their PzB 38. It also used a vertical breech block mechanism and the same cartridge as the PzB 38. It retained the barrel of the PzB 38 and had an only slightly increased overall length of {{convert|162.0|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}; weight was reduced to {{convert|12.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Performance was basically the same as that of the PzB 38. To increase the practical rate of fire, two cases each containing 10 rounds could be attached to the sides of the weapon near the breech - these were not magazines feeding the weapon, but merely put the cartridges closer to hand for the gunner. 568 PzB 39 were used by the German army in the invasion of Poland; two years later, at the beginning of [[Operation Barbarossa]], 25,298 PzB 39 were in use by German troops. Total production from March 1940 to November 1941, when production ceased, was 39,232 rifles. The PzB 39 remained in use until 1944, by which time it had become hopelessly inadequate against all but the lightest armored vehicles.

==Variants==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-303-0554-28, Italien, Soldat in Stellung.jpg|thumb|right|The short barrel and muzzle-mounted grenade launcher cup distinguish this ''Granatbüchse'' 39 [[grenade launcher]] version of the PzB 39 from the standard rifle]]

Starting in 1942, remaining PzB 39 rifles were rebuilt with a shortened barrel (590 mm) and an affixed ''[[Schiessbecher]]'' ("firing cup") attachment threaded to the barrel and used to launch standard [[rifle grenade]]s. The cup was the standard type used with the ubiquitous [[Karabiner 98k|Kar 98k]] infantry rifle and the ammunition was also interchangeable; there were three types of grenades: an anti-personnel grenade, a light anti-tank grenade and a large-diameter anti-tank grenade. The grenades were propelled by a special cartridge with a wood bullet. The rifle was also outfitted with a special sighting arrangement for firing up to 150 m and the wooden forend was removed. These converted rifles received the designation '''''Granatbüchse Modell'' 39''' ('''GrB 39''') and remained in use until the end of the war.

==See also==
*[[Anti-tank rifle]]
*[[Boys anti-tank rifle]]
*[[Lahti L-39]]
*[[Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr]]
*[[PTRD-41]] ― Mass produced competing design to the PTRS
*[[PTRS-41]] ― Mass produced competing design to the PTRD
*[[Solothurn S-18/100]]
*[[Type 97 automatic cannon]]
*[[Wz. 35 anti-tank rifle]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080724175606/http://www.smallarmsreview.com/pdf/may03.pdf Small Arms Review]
*[http://www.antitank.co.uk Anti-Tank Rifle History and Collecting]
*[http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/ATRart.htm An Introduction to Anti-Tank Rifle Cartridges]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jupKqqqgBJM Forgotten Weapons - Panzerbüchse 39 German Anti-Tank Rifle]

{{WWIIGermanInfWeapons}}
{{Anti-Tank Rifles}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panzerbuchse 39}}
[[Category:Anti-tank rifles of Germany]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of Germany]]
[[Category:8 mm firearms]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1939]]

Panzerbüchse 39 - Bewerkingsoverzicht

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