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{{short description|2-star rank in the British Army and Royal Marines}}
{{for multi|the 17th century Cromwellian regime|Rule of the Major Generals|other countries that use this rank|major general}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox military rank
| name = Major general
| image = {{nobreak|[[File:British Army OF-7.svg|50px]] [[File:British Royal Marines OF-7.svg|50px]]}}
| image_size =
| caption = British Army and Royal Marines insignia.
| image2 =
| image_size2 =
| caption2 =
| image3 =
| image_size3 =
| caption3 =
| country = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| service branch = {{army|United Kingdom}}<br />{{marines|United Kingdom}}
| abbreviation = Maj Gen
| rank = [[Two-star rank]]
| NATO rank = [[OF-7]]
| Non-NATO rank =
| formation =
| abolished =
| higher rank = [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant general]]
| lower rank = [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]]
| equivalents = [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear admiral]] ([[Royal Navy]])<br />[[Air vice-marshal]] ([[Royal Air Force]])
| history =
}}
'''Major general''' ('''Maj Gen''') is a [[two-star rank|"two-star" rank]] in the [[British Army]]<ref>[http://www.army.mod.uk/structure/3696.aspx British Army Website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214202154/http://www.army.mod.uk/structure/3696.aspx |date=2009-12-14 }}</ref> and [[Royal Marines]]. The rank was also briefly used by the [[Royal Air Force]] for a year and a half, from its creation in April 1918 until August 1919. In the British Army, a major general is the customary rank for the appointment of [[division (military)|division]] commander. In the Royal Marines, the [[Commandant General Royal Marines|Commandant General]] holds at least the rank of major general.

A major general is senior to a [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|brigadier]] but subordinate to a [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant general]]. The rank is OF-7 on the [[Ranks and insignia of NATO|NATO rank scale]], equivalent to a [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|rear admiral]] in the [[Royal Navy]] or an [[air vice-marshal]] in the [[Royal Air Force]] and the air forces of many [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries.

==Insignia and nomenclature==

The rank insignia is the star (or 'pip') of the [[Order of the Bath]], over a crossed sword and baton.

In terms of orthography, compound ranks were invariably hyphenated prior to about 1980. Nowadays the rank is almost equally invariably non-hyphenated.{{efn|e.g. in ''[[London Gazette]]'', compare the entries in these two editions from 1979: firstly: {{London Gazette|issue=47869|supp=y|page=2|date=16 June 1979}} and then:{{London Gazette|issue=48015|supp=y|page=14929|date=27 November 1979}} }} When written as a title, especially before a person's name, both words of the rank are always capitalised, whether using the "traditional" hyphenated style of, say, the two World Wars, or the modern un-hyphenated style. When used as common nouns, they might be written in lower-case: "Major General Montgomery was one of several major generals to be promoted at this time."

==British Army usage==
In the British Army, a [[division (military)|division]] is commanded by a major general. However, other appointments may also be held by major generals. For example, the [[List of Governors and Commandants of Sandhurst|Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] is a major general.

Until around the 1980s, the heads of each branch of service, such as the [[Royal Armoured Corps]], the [[Royal Artillery]] and the [[Infantry|Corps of Infantry]], were major generals. Other, administrative, commands were also appointments for a major general. In addition, the senior officer of the [[Royal Army Chaplains' Department]], the [[Chaplain-General]], is accorded 'the relative precedence' — the respect, courtesies and insignia, rather than the full powers and authority — of the rank of major general.

==Royal Marines usage==
The office of [[Commandant General Royal Marines]] (CGRM), the professional head of the Royal Marines, was created at the rank of full general in 1943. In 1977, the rank was downgraded to lieutenant general, and it was further reduced to of major general in 1996.<ref name="appoints">{{cite web |title=Senior Royal Navy appointments |url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Senior%20Royal%20Navy%20Appointments%201865-.pdf |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> On 30 April 2021, [[Robert Magowan|Lieutenant General Robert Magowan]] assumed the office of CGRM;<ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 2021 |title=New Head Royal Marines Takes Role |url=https://www.forces.net/news/new-head-royal-marines-takes-role |access-date=30 April 2021 |publisher=forces.net}}</ref> he was succeeded on 25 November 2022 by [[Gwyn Jenkins]], who already held the rank of full [[General (United Kingdom)|general]] from his appointment as [[Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)|Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff]].<ref>{{cite news |date=27 July 2022 |title=Major General Gwyn Jenkins appointed new Vice Chief of the Defence Staff |publisher=Ministry of Defence |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/major-general-gwyn-jenkins-appointed-new-vice-chief-of-the-defence-staff |accessdate=27 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 November 2022 |title=Royal Marines appoint new Commandant General |url=https://www.forces.net/services/royal-marines/major-general-gwyn-jenkins-named-new-commandant-general |access-date=27 November 2022 |publisher=forces.net}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 63889
| date = 29 November 2022
| page = 22839
| supp = y
}}</ref>

Royal Marines in tri-service roles may still hold the rank of major general: in April 2019, James Morris was appointed as commander of the [[Standing Joint Force Headquarters|Standing Joint Force]], with the rank of major general.<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 62610
| date = 9 April 2019
| page = 6430
| supp = y
}}</ref>

As in the British Army, a Royal Marines major general ranks below a lieutenant general and above a brigadier.

==Royal Air Force usage==
From its foundation on 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919, the [[Royal Air Force]] briefly used the rank of major-general. The service was a wartime amalgamation of the Army's [[Royal Flying Corps]] and the Navy's [[Royal Naval Air Service]], so the ranks were a compromise between these two traditions. The insignia of the rank was derived from that of a Royal Navy rear-admiral and featured a broad gold stripe on the cuff below one narrow gold stripe. The two stripes were surmounted by an eagle (volant and affronty) under a King's crown. The RAF replaced the rank of major-general with the rank of air vice-marshal on 1 August 1919.

Despite the short duration, the significance of the RAF to modern warfare was indicated by the number of senior officers who did hold the rank of major-general in the RAF:
*[[Edward Ashmore (British Army officer)|Edward Ashmore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Ashmore.htm|title=E B Ashmore_P}}</ref>
*[[Sefton Brancker]]
*[[G. C. Cayley|George Cayley]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Cayley.htm|title=G C Cayley_P|website=www.rafweb.org|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
*[[Edward Ellington]]
*[[Philip Game]]
*[[Frederick Gordon (British Army officer)|The Honorable Sir Frederick Gordon]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Gordon_F.htm|title=F Gordon_P|website=www.rafweb.org|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
*[[Frederick Heath-Caldwell]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Heath-Caldwell.htm|title=F C Heath-Caldwell_P|website=www.rafweb.org|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
*[[John Frederick Andrews Higgins|John Higgins]]
*[[Mark Kerr (Royal Navy officer, born 1864)|Mark Kerr]]
*[[Charles Laverock Lambe|Charles Lambe]]
*[[Charles Longcroft]]
*[[Godfrey Paine]]
*[[Geoffrey Salmond]]
*[[John Salmond]]
*[[Ernest Swinton]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Swinton.htm|title=E D Swinton_P|website=www.rafweb.org|access-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701144749/http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Swinton.htm|archive-date=1 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Frederick Sykes]]
*[[Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard|Hugh Trenchard]]

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|United Kingdom}}}}
*[[British and U.S. military ranks compared]]
*[[British Army Other Ranks rank insignia]]
*[[British Army officer rank insignia]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091214202154/http://www.army.mod.uk/structure/3696.aspx British Army Website]

* [https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/our-people/ranks/ British Army Ranks]

{{UK officer ranks}}

[[Category:Military ranks of the British Army]]
[[Category:Military ranks of the Royal Marines]]
[[Category:Former military ranks of the Royal Air Force]]
[[Category:British Army major generals| ]]
[[Category:Royal Marines major generals| ]]

Major general (United Kingdom) - Bewerkingsoverzicht

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